It is one of the prehistoric cultures of China, named after Longshan Town, the location of the first discovery of the Longshan Culture in Chengzih Cliff, Licheng County, Shandong Province. However, the Longshan Culture has been found at over 300 sites in Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi and Jiangsu provinces, and its distribution is wider than that of the Shaoren Culture. The distribution of the Shao-Culture is even wider than that of the Shao-Culture, covering the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The production base of the Longshan Culture was based on developed plow agriculture, and they used polished stone tools and shells, and did not use bronze tools yet. The potter’s wheel was first used to produce earthenware, and the structure of pottery kilns was more advanced than that of the Yangshao Culture. The largest percentage of the earthenware is made of gray wares, followed by black wares, and a small amount of red and white wares. The most remarkable type of pottery is the typical black pottery, which is shiny, jet-black and as thin as an eggshell. The pottery is usually decorated with jomon and basket patterns, and also with square and square-shaped patterns and inlaid holes. The shapes of the vessels varied widely, including dings,・・・・・・ cans, beans, trays, cups, and cupboards, and the use of spire legs, three legs, and handles is a remarkable characteristic of black pottery. It is also possible that the typical black pottery form became the basis for the Shang and Zhou bronze forms. The discovery and investigation of the Longshan Culture in various areas after the liberation of China has revealed that the Longshan Culture gradually developed from the Yangshao Culture, and that the two cultures are in a relationship of succession. At the same time, the characteristics of each region became clear, and in addition to the previously known typical Longshan Culture of Shandong Province, the Henan Longshan Culture, based on the Hugoang site in Yinhe, Henan Province, and the Shaanxi Longshan Culture, revealed through excavations in Hexi, Shaanxi Province, were characterized in each region. The Qijia culture, once discovered by Anderson, has been incorporated into the Gansu Longshan culture. The recently discovered Daluokou Culture of Shandong Province, which includes distinctive colored ceramics, is thought to be an older version of the typical Longshan Culture of Shandong Province.
