Tokumi Chiai becomes the head of the Arita ward
In April 1872, several towns and villages were merged and divided into wards, and Arita was given a ward office in Nakanohara. Tokumi Chiai (a samurai from the Ogi clan who wrote haiku poetry) became the head of the ward. He became the head of the fifth district of Goi (equivalent to a county head)
and then Kikuchi Sankairou, who was the head of the Oaza in Ide no, was appointed, and Arita was reorganized into 12 sub-districts, and Chiai became the head of the Arita sub-district again.
Saga Prefecture was established
On May 29th, Imari Prefecture was abolished and became Saga Prefecture (Saga Mizugaemachi), and the 12th generation head of the Taku clan, a powerful family, was appointed to the position of governor.
The beginning of elementary school
In April 1872, Arita Shirakawa Elementary School (on the site of the former Sarayama Magistrate’s Office) was established, and Ogi clan retainer Egoshi Reita was appointed as the school’s principal. This was the first elementary school in the region, and also the first school to be established under the Ministry of Education’s regulations.
Taniguchi Tokei
Up until this time, education in Arita-Sarayama was entirely based on the terakoya style, but there were a few private schools, including one in Shirakawa run by Taniguchi Tokei. His ancestors were of Korean descent, and his name was Tokei, his posthumous name was Kokan, his courtesy name was Isei, and his common name was Kanpei. He was the former chief clerk of the Sarayama office, and he educated many pupils. His son, who married the elder sister of the great scholar Shimizu Mon of Takeo, was the great scholar Konju Aida.
Gankei and Aida
There was also the aforementioned Shoshi Gankei, who worked hard to provide extra-curricular education, and the next was Aida’s private school. Aida was a nickname based on the pronunciation of the word “Aita”, and although he was teaching at the time, he later moved to Kashima.
Akizuki Teizo and Matsuo Kanichi
There was also a private school run by Akizuki Teizo at Sankuan-an in Otaru, and later, Matsuo Kanichi (the older brother of Yoshida’s Soejima Mokumon) came to teach haiku there.
Eichi and Zetsugen Fujiyama and other temple schools
In the area of temple schools, the oldest was Matsuyama Eichi, the priest of Saikoji Temple, who was succeeded by his son Zetsugen (the father of Chikun), and at the Tenjinsha Shrine in Nakatsuru there was Fujiyama Yasunori from Osato, who was a newcomer at the time. In addition, there was a ronin from Saga named Jinnai Fusanosuke (Shimada Yoichi’s brother-in-law) at the Benzaiten shrine in Izumiyama, and Toki Kan (the father of Tamori) was at the Hachiten shrine (the current police station) in Honkouhei.
Also, under the Inari shrine in Shirakawa, there was Toki Tenshuin (the father of Tatsuo). In the Juroku-zenjin shrine in Akae-cho, there was Toki Ryuhuin (the foster father of Tokuichi, who was called Iwao). Next, at the Nakanohara Gion Shrine, there was Yakumo Daiteiin (also known as Sugashi, the father of Tsuruma). All of these were teachers, and when Shirakawa Elementary School was established, the aforementioned Yakumo Sugashi, Toki Tamori, and others became teachers and worked there for many years. There were also private elementary schools in other places, such as Oo, Kuromuta, and Toiya. In October 1871, Fujiyama Tsuneo was appointed as the principal of the Arita-go Oo Elementary School, and in the same year he was replaced by Toki Tokuichi.
Shirakawa’s Alma Mater
Shirakawa Elementary School was rebuilt in the Western style in 1880, and was called a model building of the time. (The majority of the playground site was the land of Kenkichi Ienaga ) In the same year, the Nishimatsuura County Education Examination was held here. From 1871 to 1891, for a period of 20 years, the practical education of Arita’s pottery industry was provided by Egoshi Reita.
The Second Alma Mater and Sakamoto Manjiro
The current Arita Elementary School was newly built in June 1913 (Taisho 2) at a cost of 44,846 yen, and the site was acquired across the river from the old school grounds. From April 1914, when Sakamoto Manjiro became principal, he educated the new students of Tōzan for the next twelve years.
Kindergarten
The kindergarten was founded around 1901 by the mother of elementary school teacher Koga Reijiro (Takuto), who gathered together a group of young children and educated them on her own. was discontinued, it was re-established by Yoshikazu Washio (a town hall employee) on April 12th of the same year, and his eldest daughter Wakae was put in charge. At that time, it was located in the back of the house of the elementary school principal’s residence, and was called a private nursery school , but it was closed down for a long time after that. On June 17th, 1919, Fukagawa Rokusuke reopened it and called it the Arita Kindergarten, and it has been reformed and developed to the present day.
The history of education in Arita The history of education in Arita is as described above, but the people of Arita had the opportunity to come into contact with civilization at an earlier stage than the people of other towns and villages.
The intellectuals of Arita intellectuals
and intellectuals of the time, there was Ishikuro Kogoro, who studied abroad at Eien in the first year of the Genji era (1864), and there was also Kume Jōichirō, who accompanied Ambassador Iwakura on a tour of Western countries on November 10th, 1871 , there was Kume Jōichirō, who accompanied Ambassador Iwakura on a tour of Western countries, bringing back new knowledge and meeting with the volunteers of Arita on numerous occasions. However Reiichi Egoshi was already a school principal who had studied English texts such as Spencer’s Society Studies and Mill’s Principles of Political Economy.
In addition In terms of trade in local products, there were already a relatively large number of Western trading companies in Arita, so the people of Arita had a wealth of worldly knowledge and were able to absorb the atmosphere of new culture, and they were rich in the spirit of reform , even in matters such as seasonal trading accounts, they were quick to adopt the Gregorian calendar, and even in matters such as hairstyles, people like Hirabayashi Ihei took the lead, and it is said that this practice was already being carried out in this region. Therefore regardless of the depth of their knowledge at the time, there was a tendency in the eyes of the people of Arita to regard people from other places as country bumpkins, and they called everyone from their own hometown “country bumpkins”, with the exception of the people of Nagasaki, who were the gatekeepers of culture.
In the fifth year of Meiji In 1872, Ihei Hirabayashi, who had been researching the manufacture of Western-style tableware, opened a branch in Yokohama’s Honmachi district and began trading in Arita ware.
Exhibitor at the World Exposition Commissioned by the government
In 1872, the new government commissioned Keiukemon Tashiro and Ihei Hirabayashi to prepare exhibits for the 1873 World Exposition in Vienna. , and as the director of production, he dispatched Naito Sukegoro (a person from Ogi) to Arita to supervise the production of each exhibitor.
Austria World Exposition Exhibition
On February 25th, 1873, the Vice-President of the Austrian Exhibition, Sano Tsunetami (formerly Eiju Sakomon), embarked on the English ship Malatsuka, which was carrying the Japanese exhibits, and set sail from Yokohama. This was the second time , it goes without saying that they were able to obtain various kinds of assistance thanks to the fact that they were accompanied by Dr. Wagener and Paron von Siebold (a German national and a great authority on Dutch studies who was based in Nagasaki), who were also teaching at the Tokyo University South School at the time. At this time, as researchers of new technology, , such as Naotomi Sekijiro, Otaru’s Kawahara Chujiro, and Kyoto’s Tanzan Rikuro, and the group of 70 or so people boarded the ship in Vienna on April 14th.
The giant vessels of Arita vessels
Arita ware was also a shining star at this exhibition, and was very well received, but in particular, the six-foot tall vase and five-foot tall pot made by Ienaga Kumakichi of Shirakawa, the five-foot tall vase made by Torasaburo Yamaguchi of Iwayagawa, and the three-foot tall bowl made by Tomitaro Kajiwara of Kuromuta, all amazed the Europeans.
The course of European ceramics path
As I have already mentioned, the path of European ceramics differed from that of the Orient, and as time went on, the Roman pottery techniques spread to the Mediterranean area, and the Arabs in Spain passed through Majorca to the Italians, who then passed on the majolica pottery technique to the Faenza region, and from there it spread to France, where it became known as faience.
In the Orient , the art of majolica was transmitted to Persia, which was conquered by the Arabs, and although Koji ware and other wares were produced along the way, China had long been the home of porcelain, and Europe was only just beginning to catch up with the pottery of the time. In short they developed lightweight, colorful soft-paste ceramics, and their glassware production was a by-product of this. Therefore, although they knew that Oriental porcelain was excellent, they were unable to easily produce it.
European porcelain porcelain production
The discovery of natural magnetism in Europe was first made in 1765 (Meiwa 2) at the Cullen quarry near Limoges in France, and the completion of Sèvres porcelain by the hands of Matsu-e was still a matter for a much later age. Prior to this in Meissen, Germany, Betzia began making porcelain in 1710 (the 7th year of the Hōei era), and this is said to be the beginning of porcelain in Europe (according to one theory, France began in 1730, Vienna in 1720, and Berlin in 1750). 0, in Vienna in 1720, and in Berlin in 1750, and it would take many more years for it to spread to other places.
Awe at Arita porcelain
Therefore, in Europe were still in the pottery period, and the porcelain they produced was exclusively small vessels. At this exhibition, however, it was impossible for them not to be impressed by the hard porcelain from Arita, with its gorgeous blue and red designs, as well as the six-foot tall bottles and three-foot giant bowls on display.
Inspection of the Bohemian Inspection of the pottery-making area
Noumi Sekijiro and Kawahara Chujiro, who were sent to this exhibition, took the opportunity to explore new knowledge of European pottery-making and apply it to their own pottery industry. arrived in the pottery-making region of Bohemia in the same country in December of that year, and after learning about the convenient method of making plaster models and the oil-stretching method for painting on ceramics, they returned to Japan in the following year. (Tanyama Rikuro also returned to Japan in February of the following year with a water-based gold paint.)
The Arita Pottery Industry Pact was formed
In 1873, in order to promote the prosperity of the Arita pottery industry, the leading figures of the time, including Hyakuta Tahei, Kawahara Zen’nyu, Fukagawa Eizakomon, Fukami Bokunosuke, Tezuka Kinosuke, Hirabayashi Ihei, and Ko , and as a result of their discussions, they established the “Two Volumes of the Pottery Industry Pact” as the town’s official policy, and held a meeting of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry to promote the improvement and development of the pottery industry.
Hirabayashi’s electric insulators electric insulators
On October 29th, 1873, the electric insulators made by Ihei Hirabayashi passed the test conducted by the Telegraph Bureau, and the Ministry of Industry’s telegraph director, Yasushi Ishimaru (formerly known as Toragoro), issued a notice stating that they were now qualified for exclusive use. Prior to this Although the delivery of the red and yellow insulators made in Owari Seto had been completed, the results of the gas-filled test determined that the insulators made by Hirabayashi were incomparably stronger in terms of their power to withstand electricity, and that they were superior to the insulators made in Owari, as reported by the English engineer Morris.
However, in Hei-hei ceased production in 1880, and from then on, only the Fukagawa Karansha factory produced them, and they were subsequently studied in depth, including various types of accessories and high-voltage insulators. regarding the Hirabayashi porcelain insulators mentioned above, the following is a translation of the English-language report on the test results by Morris, the foreign engineer at the time.
October 29, 1873 (Meiji 6)
At the Tokyo Telegraph Office, Morris
To Mr. Ishimaru, Head of the Telegraph Office
Morris’s test of the porcelain insulators
In accordance with your order in your letter No. 44 I have received your letter No. 44, and I have been ordered to collect all the pottery stored in the current warehouse and examine it using electricity to test its actual performance, as follows. The new pottery that has been delivered from Hizen Province is a genuine top-quality product, and is suitable for use in the long-distance railway line that will be built in the future, so there is no need to discuss the length of the new line that will be built in the future. It is necessary to use this pottery instead of the conventional Japanese-made reddish-yellow pottery.
The new pottery the degree of gas content is so high that it exceeds the capacity of the existing testing equipment, and it is impossible to measure it using that equipment. If we use the gas content of the Russian instrument, it is 138.6 billion, and if we use the Zen-men instrument it is almost three times as much as the British Indian Test Balance (that is, 50 billion pieces). It is not a real top-quality product, so it cannot be called a top-quality product.
Recently, Japanese-made Although the recently produced Japanese blue-and-white pottery is also of a very high quality, its power of expression is only 273 million pieces of the Yixing ware, which is considered to be the best.
The pottery of Hizen pottery/porcelain made in Hizen/Fukue/Yakimono/Fukujin/Gumi/Zou/etc. for the purpose of testing, soaked in water for five days and four nights prior to testing. October 27th, 1873, in Tokyo
Comparison Test Table – Pottery Test Table
Name of item: Porcelain/pottery/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/porcelain/ 1,386,000,000 or more
British-made (double-decker)
Japanese-made pink, 2,730,000
Japanese-made yellow, 2,060,000
Item: One piece of pottery on a porcelain tray
Fukui-made, 1,452,390,094,064
British-made ( double-decker)
Japanese-made, blue, 2,873,322 pieces
Japanese-made, yellow, 2,707,121 pieces
However, Although the test set was made in Russia, the results were similar to those of the Japanese set, so this was listed in the table for comparative analysis.
The Saga Rebellion and the Imari Disturbances
February 1st, 1874 On February 1st, 1874, former Minister of Justice Eto Shimpei and former Commissioner of the Development Agency Shima Yoshitomo, who were opposed to the government’s decision not to invade Korea, gathered their troops in the Saga castle town. The government warship Unyo came to the waters off Imari Kojima and fired a live shell to check whether there were any rebels. Imari townspeople were greatly alarmed, believing that the Saga army was about to attack, and among them, Kurosumata Monokaraya Inoue Kunisuke of Hama-machi dug a large-scale hole in the empty lot of Tashiro Soichi began to dig a large hole and bury all the pottery they had, and other pottery merchants followed their example, digging up the empty lots in their own gardens and burying the best Arita ware.
Eizaemon and Kinosuke’s trip to Tokyo
In the 7th year of Meiji (1874), Fukagawa Eizakomon and Tezuka Kinosuke went to Tokyo to visit Kume Kunitake (the previous Joichiro), who had returned from a tour of Europe and America, and heard about the situation in various countries overseas and the current state of the pottery industry. By chance, they heard that the Philadelphia World Exposition was being held in the United States heard that the Philadelphia World’s Fair was to be held, Kinosuke went to the Ministry of Home Affairs to ask for details, but at the time the government was busy dealing with the Taiwan Incident and other pressing matters, and they could only reply that they had no time to deal with such matters.
The movement to exhibit at the World’s Fair exhibition
The two of them realized that the narrow-mindedness of the people in power was such that they would lose a great opportunity for the national interest because of a mere island like Taiwan, but Eisaemon first set off on his journey home, and then Kinosuke submitted a request to the Industrial Training Institute, asking that a proclamation be issued to the effect that they would be allowed to compete in the exhibition. The government was greatly moved by this, and they decided to do everything they could to help. From this point on, Kinosuke Kinosuke, in a letter, discussed the matter with Eizakomon, Fukami Bokunosuke, Tsuji Genzo and others, and decided that it was time to promote Arita ware in the United States. They immediately applied for permission to exhibit their work, and were granted permission to do so.
In the seventh year of Meiji (1874), Ihei Hirabayashi built a stone warehouse in front of his house to store pottery. The stone for this was taken from Nagao in Shirakawa Valley (the stone that is in the front garden of the current Product Display Hall).
In July 1874 (1874) on July 10th. He was the first person to move from Otaru to the town of Imari on the coast of Saga Prefecture, and he was the one who devoted himself to selling Arita ware in Japan.
Kusuke Matsumura Cobalt sales
In October 1874, Matsumura Kusakusu, a farmer from Arita’s Shinshuku village, purchased several hundred kilograms of cobalt blue from a merchant in Nagasaki, and sent it to the Osaka-based picture frame dealer, Kusakabe Zenbei, to have it tested. it was very good, so he returned to his hometown and bought several thousand more of the same product, and then set up a home in Shichiken-cho, Nagoya, and decided to sell it in the Oono pottery mountains. At the same time, he also sold the rare clay. This was the clay from the Nakatsuru Hoya-dani, which was sold in 7-sen bags, but later, as its properties became clear, they began to use materials from various places. Kusakabe was also, of course, completely ignorant of its properties.
Seto’s earthenware
Originally, Seto had been searching for small grains of Kureko in five or six places outside the Jinya-gawara area since the Bunka era, but while the Jinya-gawara production was extremely high quality as a sand painting medicine, the others were called goro or Seto-e-yaku, and were completely stone on the outside, with only the inside containing glaze and being of a low quality. In the eighth year of Bunsei In 1825, when Owari Tokugawa Shozan began producing Gofukai ware in the castle, Chin Gen began using this local glaze in his An-Nan-style pottery.
However, when compared to the Chinese was inferior to the Chinese porcelain, and so it was inevitable that they had to use the expensive Chinese porcelain when making local porcelain. the widespread use of inexpensive cobalt was a godsend for this region, which focused on the production of everyday items, rather than Arita. From this point on, Oono was sold not only in Kyoto, but also as far away as Aizu.
The Oda and the Ishiba Mine Dispute
At this time, Okugawa Taemon (the father of the present Kameemon) of the Odashi Mountain kiln was granted permission to mine the Kijima County Sakaimatsu area, which is adjacent to the Ishiba Mine, and was transporting the ore to the Odashi Mountain kiln for use. However, a dispute arose with the Ishiba Mine over the boundaries of the mine area, and the Odashi side claimed that it was their area, while the Ishiba Mine head, Hyakuta a dispute arose with Ishiba Kimon over the boundaries of the mining area, with the Odaishi side claiming it was their area, and while negotiations were underway with Ishiba head Tsunekazu Hyakuta did not say whether it was right or wrong, and they were already in a state of resorting to violence, so Taiko-mon decided to stop the mining operations, and thus abandoned the mining rights altogether.
Melting and casting methods and the and the method of stacking them
In 1874, after returning from Austria, Natori Sukegoro and Kawahara Chujiro taught the method of making pottery using plaster molds, the method of making pottery using the stacking method (previously, each piece was made separately and then stacked on top of each other), and other methods to a few potters in Arita. and the method of stacking them (previously, they were made one by one with lids or crowns, and then stacked), etc., to a few potters, greatly promoting improvements in production, and then Kanjiro went to Tokyo. However, the following year, in 588, Chujiro also went to Tokyo at the behest of his master.
The founding of Koransha
In In February of the 8th year of Meiji (1875), Koransha was founded. based on the theories of Kume Kunitake, Fukagawa Eizakomon and Tezuka Kinosuke, in view of the trend of the times, decided that it would be impossible to expect great development of the business through individual management, and decided to establish a manufacturing company in collaboration with four people, Fukami Suminosuke, Tsuji Katsuzo and others. The factory was temporarily the residence of Eizakomon, Suminosuke and Katsuzo, and the company name was called Koransha, and the mark of the product was the orchid flower. Saikomon, Suminosuke and Katsuzo’s residences, and the company name was decided to be Koransha, and it was decided to use the orchid flower as the product mark.
When these articles of incorporation were shown to was shown to the then governor of Saga Prefecture, Hidetomo Kitajima, who is said to have greatly praised it. This was the beginning of the company system in Arita, and it was also the first Japanese pottery company. house, the company was also appointed as a supplier to the Imperial Household Ministry under the name of Koransha.
Takeji’s Kanzu-yaki
The person who was responsible for the company’s technical skills was Takeji, the younger brother of Bokusuke, who invented Kanzu-yaki this year.
Okinawan-style pottery making school Training School
On April 28th, 1875, Kawahara Chujiro was ordered to go to Tokyo, and he was assigned to work at the Ministry of State’s Industrial Training Institute. He and others, including Nafu Sekijiro, were to teach the children of potters from all over the country at the National Austrian-Style Pottery Training School (part of the Overseas Industrial Arts Reference Exhibition Hall in Uchiyamashita-cho) (which was set up as part of the Overseas Industrial Arts Reference Exhibition Hall in Uchiyamashita-cho), and the students who entered the school in response to this call were potters from Saga, Aichi, Ishikawa, Kyoto, Kagoshima and other places.
At this time, the four students from Arita apprentices were Fujii Kenzo of Otaru, Nakajima Gisaburo and Fukagawa Kikuzo of Shirakawa, and Yamakoshi Minokichi of Honkouhei. Kawamoto Tomitaro and Kato Tomitaro of Seto were also among them. From this time on, the methods of making plaster molds moulds, the method of stacking plaster moulds, and the use of water-based gold paint, etc., spread throughout the country.
Natori Sekijiro’s guidance business trip
In 1875, Sekijiro Notomi, who was working for the Ministry of Home Affairs’ Industrial Promotion Bureau, came to Arita to provide guidance on the production of items to be exhibited at the World’s Fair in the United States. At this time, Kinosuke Tezuka, who was in charge of transporting the items to be exhibited , who had come to Tokyo with the requirements for transporting the exhibits, asked the government to send officials to the exhibition so that the employees and other people in the same industry could fully understand the purpose of the exhibition.
Shinsuke Yoda and Toyohiro Ishihara came
Therefore, the Ministry of Home Affairs , and Kunisuke accompanied them back to Arita, where he also showed them around the Mikawachi and Okawachi mountains, and did his best to ensure that they saw all the art and craftwork on display at each of the mountains.
Expansion of the scope of the pottery industry agreement expansion
In 1875, the terms of the pottery agreement were supplemented, and as a result of steadily showing their effects, the terms related to pottery outside Arita Uchiyama were also sanctioned by the inclusion of the same industry in the same area , and they established a branch in Kuromuta to work on the regulations, and also contacted the potters from the large mountains of Keshima and Fujitsu, as well as those from the Mikawachi and Hasami regions of Saga Prefecture, to strictly control the problems of poor quality and the over-recruitment of workers strictly controlled, and (in the case of workers who had signed a contract for a fixed term but then ran off to work for another kiln) other issues of interest were discussed and decided upon by inviting committee members from each pottery-making area.
Amount of land rented from Ishiba
In June 1875 (Meiji 8) In June 1875, after consultation between the domestic and foreign pottery kilns, a permit was issued to Shinkai Bokunosuke and 26 others to lease the Ishiba area for a period of 15 years. This was in accordance with the regulations for digging up soil and stone for the Japanese mining method issued by the Ministry of Industry in July 1873.
Application for permission to open a mine
We We have applied for permission to open a mine in the village of Arita, Matsuura County, Hizen Province, and have been granted permission to do so. We hereby request permission to continue digging for pottery clay at the location shown on the attached map.
June 1875
Matsura County, Saga Prefecture, commoner Arita Village, Matsuura County, Saga Prefecture
Same, commoner Same, Oki Village, Matsuura County, Saga Prefecture
Same, samurai Same, Niimura Village, Matsuura County, Saga Prefecture
Same, commoner Same, Okawachi Village, Matsuura County, Saga Prefecture
230 others
We have received your request as stated above.
Saga Kitajima Hidetomo, Acting
Counselor, Nomura Yoshiaki
I have received your written request and will deliver the certificate.
January 23, 1876
Minister of the Department of Industry, Ito Hirobumi
October 2, 1875 On October 2nd, 1875, Tomimura Morisaburo passed away. He was the son of Yoshikomon, one of the 16 Akehaya merchants in Akahana-machi, and as mentioned above, he was a leading figure in opposing the reformist movement, and he was the one who took control of the Akehaya merchants and maintained the old alliance until the liberation of the Meiji Restoration. He also established a branch in Nagasaki’s Lime Town , he set up a branch and engaged in trade with his nephew, Mouri Tsunekichi. (He was the predecessor of Yoshiichi, the adopted son.)
The Fukuoka Exposition Holding
of the Fifteenth World’s Fair In March 1876, the 150th anniversary of American independence was commemorated with a large exhibition in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s Fair in Fifteenth World’s they toured the pottery industry and completed all the research related to it, and after a year in the US, they returned to Japan in March of the following year, having gained a great deal of new knowledge.
The delicacy of the porcelain exhibited by Koransha at this exhibition the delicacy of the porcelain exhibited by the Koransha company surpassed that of the pottery of Sevres in France and other countries, and the vases made by the Shinkai company were sold for as much as 1,000 yen (2,000 yen) each yen), or a Fukagawa-made bowl for 30 yen (60 yen), it was clear to see how much the products were welcomed. And so, after this exhibition, the Arita ware that had previously been exported via the Chinese market Arita ware, which had previously been exported via the Chinese market, began to be shipped directly to the United States in large quantities year after year after the Exposition.
Petition for Revision of the Pottery Pact Joint Petition
In March 1876, the rules of the pottery industry agreement were revised to limit the agreement to Arita Uchiyama only. The rules and signatories at the time are listed below. (The names in brackets below are those of the successors to the kilns or their relatives, as researched and entered by the author.
Notification
Arita
Uchiyama The rules for protecting the old kilns of the Arita mountain, the Izumi mountain, and the inner and outer mountain kilns, which were based on the regulations of the old domain, were abolished after the abolition of the domain, and this led to a lack of coordination and communication. As a result, the first kiln was dug by itself, and the foundation of the mountain began to decline. We would like to ask for your permission to execute the agreement from now on. However, since the agreement is only a private agreement, it has become a matter of custom and practice, and we are concerned that it may be ignored. We would therefore like to ask for your permission to add the following to the agreement.
March 1876
No. Five districts, ten sub-districts, Ichinoseyama
Sodai Iwasaki Danzuke
Sodai Iwashiro and Sodai Iwashiro
The following are the names of the other Sodai.
Okawachiyama, Sodai Shibata Isakumon
Oobokuyama, same ward, Kubo Kunitaro
Kuromuta, same ward, Masuda Hinesuke
Sotooyama Matsumura Jinkuro
I have submitted this
Minamikawara, same ward, Higuchi Tamekichi
Hirose, same ward, Imaizumi Fukutaro
Arita Iwayagawauchi, Yamaguchi Tosaburo
Nakanohara, Hisatomi Tsurukichi
Hieko, Kanagae Iyokichi
Akaenocho, Mitsuoka Yujiro
Shirakawa, Minamizato Heikichi
Honkouhei, Nakamura Kan Tomiguchi Izumi-guchi-mura
Ohtaru Hayashi Kozo
Nakataru Setoguchi Tomikomon
Kamikouhei Iwamatsu Ryuichi
592 Izumiyama Kitamura Tokubei
Saga-ken Kitajima Hidetomo As there are many problems with the current regulations, we have made some amendments to the old regulations and have reached an agreement. We would like to ask for your approval of these amendments.
Fifth District Deputy District Head
Kikuchi Sankairou
Twelve Sub-District Heads
Toku Tomiaki
Preamble to the Covenant
Covenant
Preamble
The Arita pottery industry in and around the Arita area of the Matsuura district employs over 10,000 people, and it is essential that this industry is maintained. However, since the abolition of the domains,
the methods used to maintain the industry have gradually become lax, and and the law gradually became lax, and the following agreement was made.
Article 1
In the 8th year of Meiji, the obtained permission from the government to open a mine in the area. These rules are to be observed, and since the mine is to be used for a limited time only, it is to be preserved for future generations. Therefore, in order to prevent the price of porcelain clay from rising, the following regulations are to be observed.
Article 2
- The digging and transportation of porcelain clay transportation section shall pay the fee for the securities (using the ruled paper from the stone pit control and accounting section) as per the left-hand model (using the ruled paper from the stone pit control and accounting section) when the fee is added to the securities, and the fee shall be paid to the stone pit control and accounting section.
Model
Notes: Uchiyama section - (name of soil) how many bales
If the above is delivered as stated, the fee for the number of bales will be (insert amount in yen)
(name of kiln)
year, month, date
(name of person)
(name of soil)
If the above is delivered as stated, the fee for the number of bales will be (insert amount in yen) If it is to be delivered to someone, the fee is 〇〇 yen.
Date, year, name of person in charge
Name of person
Article 3
One barrel of pottery contains 85 koku
The fee for each 11 barrels is 〇〇 yen
The fee for each 1 barrel of medicine is 〇〇 yen same amount
Article 4
One person to be elected by the community to be the manager of the stone pit, with a monthly salary of 1 yen
Article 5
The manager is to supervise the diligence and idleness of the workers, the handling of money and other matters and one person to be elected as the treasurer, with a monthly salary of 5 yen.
Article 7
One person to be elected as the supervisor of the stone pit The person in charge of the cashier’s office shall be in charge of the handling of the transportation certificates, the collection of the handling fees, the cashiering, and the handling of the ruled paper. He shall also be in charge of inspecting the workers at the quarry and supervising the digging methods to prevent the accidental spillage of white clay into the river.
Article 8
One person in charge of the regular One person may be selected to receive a monthly salary of 5 yen.
Article 9
When transporting the stone workers listed in Article 10, Article 23, etc., the seal must be stamped on the ticket and the number of tickets prepared must be accounted for so that none are missing.
Article 10
One person may be selected to be in charge of the three people may be selected (one from Iwayagawa, one from Toya, and one from Haraaki), and each person will receive a monthly salary of 500 yen.
Article 11
One person from the Ikenaga area The person in charge of the transport of goods shall be responsible for the safekeeping of the goods in his/her care, and shall not be allowed to lend them to others. The person in charge of the transport of goods shall be responsible for the safekeeping of the goods in his/her care, and shall not be allowed to lend them to others.
Article 12
The person in charge of the transport of goods shall be responsible for the safekeeping of the goods in his/her care, and shall not be allowed to lend them to others. When digging, transporting, etc., the person in charge of the work must sometimes present a ticket of the above-mentioned type, and the person in charge of the work must strictly observe the rules so that the work is not carried out without permission.
Template
Transport situation
Of the several hundred bags within the kiln
one bundle of clay, one bundle of earth, etc.
the seal of the Izuyama earthenware factory, on the day of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the year of the month of the one person from each kiln will take turns every day to monitor the affairs of the quarry, and in the event of an incident that cannot be resolved by themselves, they may consult with the representative.
Article 10 Article 15 - The money collected under Article 3 shall be collected every two months and the head of the association and the deputy head shall meet to discuss the details of the calculation of the monthly salary, repair costs and other expenses, and the treasurer shall be in charge of all payments. The amount of money received and the remaining balance must be checked and stamped every time. The remaining balance must be deposited with the head of the company, and the stamp of receipt must be affixed to the book of the deposit.
Article 16
One stone Article 15/ When the reserve fund is insufficient for major repairs, the money should be raised by various means, such as a temporary fund-raising campaign, and the money should be used to cover the cost of repairs.
Article 17 Article 17 - Every June, the general meeting of the association will be held to select a new head and treasurer, and to vote on other matters.
Article 18 - When the head and treasurer are selected, this must be reported to the association.
Subsection of the Covenant
Subsection
Article 1 - Kilns One kiln (a kiln with 13 to 25 or so openings in a row is called a kiln) should have one manager elected by the workers. At present, there should be 22 managers for 12 kilns.
Article 2 Article
The manager of the kiln is responsible for the success or failure of the kiln, and as such has a great deal of responsibility. He should take charge of all matters related to the kiln, and should consider the inconvenience of the kiln and maintain it.
However, the salary is not discussed because it is an obligation of the mountain.
Article 3
When the firing schedule is decided (called the firing schedule or the firing inspection), the manager becomes the leader and the schedule is fixed. The agreement form is prepared in the same way as the sample form.
Sample form
Kiln-burning agreement
No. 1, First, Mr. So-and-so
No. 2, Same as above
As per the above, from No. 1 to No. so-and-so, the agreement for kiln-burning is valid until the day of so-and-so. In the event of any discrepancy, the agreement shall be strictly observed. if there is any disagreement, please inform us immediately.
Year, month, date
Seal
Seal
Mr. X
Mr. X
Article 4
If one person in a kiln-burning agreement breaks their word, it will cause problems for everyone involved and cause damage amounting to several thousand yen, so it is imperative that the agreement is kept.
Article 5
During the kiln-burning , it is strictly forbidden to exceed the deadline for observing the rules and regulations stipulated in Article 3. If a person in breach of contract does so, the details of the breach of contract must be recorded and circulated to each manager, and thereafter, the twelve-month kiln rental must be firmly enforced.
However, this does not apply to appeals to the court regarding debts for money and grain.
Article 6
1 As a reserve for repairs to the kilns, one yen per person per month shall be paid out.
Article 7
The monthly reserve for the kilns shall be collected from the local manager and the head manager, who shall receive and save it.
Article 8
At the time of firing the kilns each person must be given a seal by the manager. It is strictly forbidden to open the kiln without a seal.
Article 9
One person must be appointed for each kiln.
Article 10
When the kiln is opened When the kiln is fired, the kiln number may be changed with the manager’s seal, and the manager has the right to refuse to open the kiln to those who do not have it. All kiln numbers must be under the direction of the manager and studied in detail.
Article 11
The manager and the head of the company must be notified of the rules.
The rules below apply to all the eleven rules below are to be observed as per the agreement
The rules in the upper right-hand corner of Article 18 and the eleven rules below are to be observed as per the agreement! The rules in the upper right-hand corner of Article 18 and the eleven rules below are to be observed as per the agreement! The rules in the upper right-hand corner of Article 18 and the eleven rules below are to be observed as per the agreement! The rules in the upper right-hand corner of Article 18 and the eleven rules below are to be observed as per the agreement! The rules in the upper right-hand corner of Article 18 and the eleven rules below are to be observed as per the agreement! The rules in the upper right-hand corner of Article 18 and the eleven rules below are to be observed as per the agreement! The rules in the upper right-hand corner of Article 18 and the eleven rules below are to be observed as per the agreement! The rules in the upper right-hand corner revise it. If anyone breaks the agreement and commits an act of violence, they should be reported to the authorities and a trial should be requested. The signatures below are those of the people who signed the agreement and made it into a rule for the entire mountain.
March 1876
The signatures of the 17 representatives mentioned above are below, followed by the signatures of the kiln owners.
Signatures of the kiln owners Names
Izumiyama Kiln
Fukami Bokunosuke (Mineichi) Fukami Chozaburo (Sekiji)
Momota Tosaburo (Masusuke) Fukami Masanosuke (Hosuke)
Tsuruta Zensaku (Sekitaro) Tsuruta Godayu (Choshichi)
Momota Kitaro (Hego) Momota Genjiro (Hama)
Fukami Ichiro (Hikaru) MIZOKAMI Gohei (Fukuichi)
IKEDA Yone Taro (Komataro) IKEDA Denpei (Kikujiro)
HYAKUTA Yone Taro (Jinzou) HYAKUTA Risaburo (Shigeji)
HYAKUTA Futarou (Jikoumon) FUKAE Tsurujiro (Hennosuke)
ITO Jinzou (Gohei) Aoki Fukutaro (Kame)
Tsurutani Jihei (Jiichi) Mizokami Takenosuke (Ushinosuke)
Momota Kiyosuke (Suké) Mizokami Saburo (Ichiroji)
Nakajima Kumataro (Yoshinosuke) Mizokami Tameichi (Kachi)
Kamikouhei Kiln Yaki
Yamaguchi Chotaro (Uichi) Miyata Kakuzaemon (Bunichi)
Fukuda Hitosuke (Saka) Maruta Genkuro (Taira)
Matsumoto Heizaemon (Seijiro) Iwamatsu Heigo (Ryuichi)
Kawanami Hontaro (Toshiiri) Matsumoto Kumakazu (Kurasuke)
Oguri Ukichi (Torasaburo) Tomoshige Chuzo (Chosaburo)
Tanaka Fusuke (Shozaburo) Hata Enokichi (Kumashiro)
Narazaki Tokichi (Reiji) Narazaki Kumasuke (Kurasuke)
Tsuji Katsuzo (Kikomon) Tsuji Kojiro (Kumajiro)
Ezoe Kasukazu (Hachizo) Ezoe Ensaburo (Seizo)
Matsumoto Risuke (Kamekichi) Omachi Yutaro (Iju)
Iwao Katsusaburo (Denichi) Tokunaga Tokusuke (Tokichi)
Miyata Kinzaburo (Kanesuke) Setoguchi Kura (Yazo)
Nakatsuru Koyaki
Yamaguchi Takejiro (Chinosuke) Yamaguchi Shikanosuke (Eiichi)
Yamaguchi Jinosuke (Teikichi) Yamaguchi Torakichi (Mantarou)
Yamaguchi Denkichi (Ichi) Yamaguchi Kikuzou (Kikutaro)
Yamaguchi Seikichi (Keishiro) Yamaguchi Kotaro (Bunichi)
Yamaguchi Tsunashichi (Kihei) Yamaguchi Kameichi (Eisuke) (Koichi) Setoguchi Tomikomon (Katsutaro)
Setoguchi Yaichi (Ichitaro) Setoguchi Kazo (Chozo)
Setoguchi Kentaro (Genichi) Setoguchi Komaichi (Jisuke)
Mizokami Kosaemon (Genshiro)
Otaru Kiln
Iwao Kentarō (Hosuke) Yanagase Shōhei (Tekitarō)
Hirabayashi Ihei (Senichi) Fujii Naotarō (Yuichi)
Ezoe Kikichi (Tsurunosuke) Morokuma Manzō (Koto)
Fujii Senichi (Kanzō) Ide Teisuke (Mura)
Tomimura Kikichi (Gorouemon) Tomimura Hidesuke (Toranosuke)
Hayashi Kouzou (Kameichi) Ide Tomoshichi (Bunji)
Hayashi Kenpachi (Raisuke) Mori Tatsujyu (Teisaku)
Tashiro Matsutaro (Jousuke) Joushima Kumasaburo (Iwataro)
Mori Matsujiro (Fujitaro) Yanagase Rokuji (Keiichi)
Hyakutake Iroku (Ihachi) Jojima Eikichi (Kokichi)
Ogushi Seikichi (Seijiro) Kawasaki Tsurusuke (Tokusuke)
Hon Kohei (Kouhei)
Yamaguchi Seikichi (Heishiro) Fukagawa Masada (Eizakumon)
Yamaguchi Yuzo (Teiichi) Moritomo Jiro (Mineichi)
Morokuma Tokuzo (Jinichi) Tashiro Sukesaku (Sakuichi)
Morooka Kikutaro (Torasuke) Tsuruta Toku (Mitsu)
Ogawa Hamajiro (Gisuke)
Shirakawa Pottery
Ienaga Kumakichi (Yashichi) Ienaga Shigezaburo (Kizou)
Nakajima Gihei (Seizo) Nakajima Magoshiro (Takaichi)
Nakajima Chozo (Seijiro) Kubo Tokitaro (Yuichiro)
Yamamoto Ryukichi (Shuzo) Fukagawa Tsunezo (Rokusuke)
Nanzato Kajyu (Heiichi)
Hikoba Pottery
Aihara Sekichi (Heijiro) Nakajima Masataro (Tatsukazu)
Fujimoto Kikutaro (Sekisuke) Nakajima Chusak (Minosaku)
Gamahara Aikichi (Hidenosuke) Gamahara Chokichi (Tazaburo)
Kanagae Iyokichi (Shingo) Kuma Heisaburo (Gansan)
Kitajima Tokuemon Kumon (Aitaro) Kitajima Aitaro (Kenji)
Fujimoto Jinsota (Tenshiro) Taketomi Takizo (Tatsushiro)
Morokuma Mataichi (Tokuzo) Koga Tanezaburo (Moritaro)
Akaenemachi Pottery Imaizumi Tota (Kumaichi)
Iwayagawauchi Pottery
Ono Ichitaro (Anjiro) Yamaguchi Iemon (Daijiro)
Yamaguchi Morishichi (Kometaro) Yamaguchi Moriyoshi (Heitaro)
Fujisaki Tahei (Seiichi) Kojima Sokichi (Inokichi)
Matsuo Katsutaro (Tokusuke) Yamaguchi Torasaburo (Tokuichi)
Yukitake Takesuke (Toyokichi)
Tonooyama Pottery Yaki
Fujimoto Kakusuke (Wadaifu) Fujimoto Magohira (Jiheiji)
Ikuta Shigekichi (Kokichi) Fujimoto Genzo (Seibei)
Aoki Taiki (Yoshichi) Ogushi Tokujiro (Jihei)
Aoki Yoichi (Eichi) Ogushi Kakusakomon (Kakutaro)
Matsumura Jinkuro (Seigo)
Kuromuta-yama Pottery
Kajiwara Yaokichi (Teiichi) Kajiwara Ryosuke (Makitaro)
Kajiwara Chusuke (Koshichi) Kajiwara Rikichi (Magokichi)
Kajiwara Hanpei (Yotaro) Kajiwara Teijiro (Shigejiro) (Kikutaro) Kajiwara Saikomon (Tasuko)
Tachibayashi Jinzou (Takekichi) Fukushima Kouzaburo (Sehei)
Fukushima Harukichi (Yutaro) Fukushima Sukegoro (Monjiro)
Ouhouzan Koyaki
Harada Kamekichi (Senzou) Soejima Kankichi (Chotaro)
Tokunaga Torasuke (Koichi) Kubo Tokunosuke (Hachijyuuhachi)
Furukawa Tokunosuke (Mannosuke) Taketomi Shotaro (Kotaro)
Furukawa Kumasuke (Matsunosuke) Harada Yoshi (Ise Taro)
Fukushima Takichi (Hantaro) Kubo Kunitaro (Tsuneichi)
Minamikawara Yaki
Higuchi Tahei (Tamekichi) Fujin Shinsuke (Bunichi)
Tatebayashi Kensuke (Utoji) Kofuji Iyokichi (Kesa Taro)
Hirose Yamagama
Kawakubo Kumasaburo (Haru) Mori Shigekichi (Nashi)
Mori Fukuzo (Kishiro) Mori Hanjiro (Magokichi)
Kawakubo Tadashi Yoshikichi (Chisami)
Morimura Umetaro (Rin)
Kawakubo Yasuemon (Tsurutaro)
Imaizumi Matsujiro (Tsuru)
Morimura Shokichi (Shuzo)
Iwanaga Gensuke (Torasaburo) (Tsuruichi) Kawakubo Yasushichi (Suma)
Okawachi Yama-gama
Tominaga Bun’emon (Unosuke) Hachiya Kyuhei (Shigetaro)
Fukuoka Rokusuke (Enjiro) Furuta Mataemon (Kato)
Fukuoka Kihei (Takenosuke) Tominaga Kizaemon (Seiichi)
Morishige Sakou Mori Shigezaemon (Yu) Nagase Ryosuke (Torakuro)
Hatase Takeukemon (Naotaro) Hikari Takehiko (Jitaro)
Shibata Jotaro (Taiziro) Tominaga Tokudayu (Nashi)
Ichinoseyama Pottery
Oogushi Kouta (Shuichi) Takeshita Katsushichi (Shuichi)
Iwasaki Kyubei (Eisuke) Tomogoro Hara (Kazue)
Shigezo Miyazaki (Gihei) Torajyu Ogushi (Eiichi)
Tetsuzo Maeda (Teitaro) Denshiro Ogushi (Shin)
Tatsuji Ogushi (Nashi) Kazusuke Ogushi (Katsuji) (Liu) Oogushi Shozaburo (Heiwata)
Iida Taro (Hifumi) Oogushi Kozo (Seikichi)
Hara Inosuke (Toranosuke)
Tono Jirei Name
Tono Jirei Manager
Tsurutada Godayu (Izumi Shingama) Momota Ushikichi (Izumi Gama)
Fujii Kiyo (Ohtaru Kiln) Iwamatsu Heigo (Nakataru Kiln)
Hisatomi Sohei (Maeno Kiln) Ikeda Yone Taro (Nishino Kiln)
Fujii Keishichi (Higashino Kiln) Tashiro Yasushi (Shirasaki Kiln)
Fukagawa Masada (Shirakawa Kiln) Kiyokichi Yamaguchi (Tani Kiln)
Heiichi Minamizato (Hekokubo Kiln) Kiyohira Kawauchi (Iwayagawauchi Kiln)
Takekazu Matsumura (Tonoo Kiln) Taihachi Hisatomi (Kuromuta Kiln)
Hanpei Kajiwara (Kokoro Kiln) Kubo Kunitaro (Ouho Kiln)
Higuchi Tahei (Kaminamigawara Kiln) Fujin Shinsuke (Shimonamigawara Kiln)
Nakajima Moruemon (Hirose Kiln) Iwasaki Dansuke (Ichinose Kiln)
Fukuoka Rokusuke (Koto Kiln)
Joint signatures of the directors
Ishiba Director, Tsuneukemon Momota
Director, Tokubei Kitamura
Ishiba Director, Hanzakomon Fukutomi
Mekajime, Bunroku Kitajima
Same, Kosaemon Okamoto
Same, Kinshiro Yoshinaga
Director, Genkuemon Iwanaga 蔵
同 岩永作次郎
同 古賀力太郎
同 岸川常四郎
同 納富三兵衛
同 河內光蔵
同 山口伊右工門
同 瀬戸口源吾
The undersigned hereby pledge to abide by the terms of the agreement.
Deputy Ward Head: Kikuchi Sankairou
Ward Head: Tokumi Tomoai
Deputy Ward Head Iwatsuki Gintaro
We have heard that you have submitted a written report, and we ask that you observe the rules of the contract that you have signed.
Saga Prefecture, March 27th, 1876
Circular
What Town Kiln
As the person named above has not paid the deposit for the Ishiba kiln, we hereby inform you that the kiln will not be rented.
Date: So generation
certain person
certain person
certain person
The name Matsumura Jinkuro in the above-mentioned generation is the former name of Sadatsugu. His name, Hisatomi Kakichi, is the former name of Yahei. The name Hyakuta Ushikichi in the name of the manager is the former name of Tsunekuemon (the adopted son of Tabei is the younger brother of Nakamura).
Owner of the land owner
Next, at the end of the names of the people who were involved in the agreement, there are the names of Iemon Yamaguchi, the owner of the large kiln, and Gengo Setoguchi, who seems to have owned the Iwayagawauchi Oya stone (raw materials and glaze) and the Gichi of Nakatsuru Hoya-dani (glaze and cobalt mixture), respectively. Also, Kozo Kawauchi of Shirakawa Kozan Mitsuzo of Shirakawa was the one who controlled the mountain stones of Shirakawadani at the time.
During the firing of the kilns for the signing of this agreement, the names of Kakiemon of Minamigawara, Chokuro of Izumiyama, and Jiro of Ichinose are not mentioned, but this is because they were not in business at the time. , and many potters from the same trade rose to prominence at the same time. The largest number of kilns continued to operate until the present day, and if we count those who have revived their kilns, there are probably only a little over twenty.
Potters who opened their own kilns after the agreement newly-established kilns
The following are the names of the potters who established kilns after the pottery agreement: Fukami Keiki of Izumiyama, Egami Fusakuro, Hashiguchi Sanshiro, Tokunaga Teitaro of Kamikohira, Wakueinosuke of Nakatsuru, Nishimura Bunjiro, Aoki Kihei, Takashima Sanshiro of Otaru, Kumazo Yamaguchi, Yasushi Tashiro, Chuji Fukagawa, Kyukichi Iwao, Fusuke Shinohara, Kumanosuke Egami, Bunshiro Nakajima, Kinsaku Ide, Zengo Aihara, Masusuke Nakajima, Yonesuke Matsumoto, etc. In Shirakawa there were Takashige Ryosuke, Ogushi Shonosuke, and in Nakanohara, Hisatomi Kikuro, and in Iwayagawa, Kamitaki Shikanosuke, etc.
Also, in Sotoo Maeda Giukomon, Aoki Jinichiro, Matsumura Toju, Taketomi Teiroku, Hirose Kiyoshichi, Tatebayashi Kosuke, Ichinose Daisuke, Furuta Soshichi, Maeda Tsunejiro, Ogasawara Hachisuke, Ichikawa Uhei, Setoguchi Inosuke, Kawazoe Taigorou, Kan Shigetaro, Tomimura Kaichi, Mitsutake Mantaro, Higuchi Chousaburo, Kawazoe Torajiro, etc.
Private kilns climbing kilns
After that, due to considerations such as the scale of large-scale transportation and other economic calculations, many potters built their own climbing kilns in their own residences, and the aforementioned communal climbing kilns were completely abandoned. dedicated climbing kilns, if we only consider those in Arita, they include the Toshikura kiln of Hashiguchi Sanjiro, the Nakatsuru kiln of Setoguchi Katsutaro, the Matsumoto kiln of Matsumoto Kurasuke, the Tsuji kiln of Tsuji Kenzo, the Nakajima kiln of Fujii Kan Nakajima’s kiln, Iwataro Jōjima’s Jōjima kiln, Chūji Fukagawa’s Shintaku kiln, Eizakumon Fukagawa’s Daiichi Factory kiln, and its Kawaba kiln, Seijirō Nakajima’s Shimomichi kiln, Ryōsuke Takeju’s Kawamuki kiln, Fujita Imaizumi’s Kōsha kiln, ‘s Kousha kiln, Kojima Inokichi’s Kojima kiln, Nakajima Masanosuke’s Gan-ka kiln, Hisatomi Kikuro’s Kourantei kiln, Kamitaki Shikanosuke’s Kamitaki kiln, Yamaguchi Tokuichi’s Santoku kiln, Yuk
itake Toyokichi’s Tenjin town kiln, and the Yamakoshi-no-gama kiln of Tokusuke Matsuo, etc.
Among these, Kozo Naito decided to apply for a 500 yen subsidy from the Saga Prefectural Assembly in order to try and improve the climbing kiln in accordance with the Seto-style old kilns, and he had the kiln rebuilt based on the design of Shinichi Terauchi, but before the materials for the kiln furniture were ready, the business had to be abandoned. Furthermore, as mentioned above , it goes without saying that some of them were rebuilt as single-chambered kilns in later years, or that some of them were used in combination.
All of Hizen becomes Nagasaki prefecture
On April 18th, 1876, Saga Prefecture was incorporated into Mimasu Prefecture, but on May 24th of the same year, the two counties of Kijima and Matsuura were split off and attached to Nagasaki Prefecture. On June 21st of the same year , Fujitsu County was also split off and incorporated into Nagasaki. Then, on August 21st of the same year, when Mima County was abolished, the six counties of Saga, Kanzaki, Kishi, Yofu, Mine and Ogi were also incorporated into Nagasaki.
Kajiwara Tomitaro’s Four-Shaku Bowl
In 1876, Kajiwara Tomitaro of Kuromuta produced a four-shaku (12.2 cm) diameter bowl for the first time. This bowl was made by was made by a skilled carpenter named Keishichi Kobayashi, who joined the wood together, and the wheel-shaped base was made by Toshijiro Fukushima. No one has made another bowl like this since then, and the wooden mold is still preserved at the Kaji factory.
Kobe Trade
On February 15th, 1877, the Satsuma Rebellion broke out in the south-west of Japan, and the world was thrown into turmoil. However, when the people’s minds had calmed down somewhat, after Saigo Takamori and others committed ritual suicide on the top of a hill in Kagoshima, Hisamiya Genichi (the son of Ryuen) of Nakanohara began trading Arita ware in Kobe’s Motomachi district. The types were mainly vases vases, and although the amount was not large, it was probably the first Arita ware trading business in Kobe.
Eiseisha in Himeji
In 1877, Tatsumasa Matsumura of Arita, Hizen Province, established a pottery factory in Himeji called Eiseisha. Prior to this, in the town of Izushi in Tajima Province, Tsutomu Sakurai had established a pottery factory called Eishin-sha using his samurai stipend. in the town of Izushi in the province of Tajima, Tsutomu Sakurai had established a pottery factory called Eishin-sha using his samurai stipend, and Tatsumasa had helped him to do so. Then, when he established Eiseisha established the Eiseisha company, he put his eldest son, Torao, in charge of the business, but later resigned his post and took on the management of the company himself.
The Eiseisha company was started by a former retainer of the feudal lord, with the aim of promoting industry, and the factory was first set up in the village of Yamanoi, on the outskirts of Himeji, on the site of the old Sakai family kilns. However, it was found that the location was inconvenient, so the factory was moved to Okuramae-machi in the city (the site of the old feudal lord’s granary), where two Western-style kilns were built.
The office staff and all the workers were brought in from Arita, and for the plaster mold machine department, Fukagawa Kikuzo, for the potter’s wheel workers, Ide Kunitaro (Kinsaku’s father) and Ide Sadao, and for the coiling workers, Shibata Zenpei from Okawachi in Izushi at the time , and the calligraphers were Fuminosuke Kaneko, Ukichi Matsuo, and Kuranosuke Furudakura. The packing was done by Eizo Nishimura, and the office staff included Hamakichi Mawatari (later Toshiro), Eiichi Iwao, and Kumakazu Mori. In this way, the factory employed over 280 male and female workers, and the kilns were fired every three days.
At first, the raw materials for pottery was initially collected from the area around the Gochaku Station near Himeji, but as it was not of good quality, stone from the Odadoko area in Amakusa was used instead. The clay for the kiln was initially was ordered from Shiga Prefecture, but when Torao saw the stone used to make the stone brushes for slate when he passed through Mitsuishi in Bizen in 1878, he tried using it as kiln clay and saw that it had good fire resistance for the first time. (From this point on, this stone came to be used by the Osaka Tenma Glass Company (President Ito) and the Tokyo Shinagawa White Brick Company (run by Katsuzo Nishimura of the Sakura Gumi shoe company), etc.)
Attending on the Eiseisha dispatch
At that time, a group led by Sugimaro, the Grand Chamberlain of the Imperial Household, and Yasutaka Horikawa, the Grand Chamberlain, visited the Eiseisha to observe the situation at the vocational training centers for samurai in the various prefectures along the Sanyo Road. property, and that this factory was the only one of its kind in the whole country at the time. After reporting back to the emperor, he was appointed as an official supplier to the Imperial Household Ministry.
Tashiro Group
It is thought that the majority of the products The majority of the products were mainly for foreign trade, and the nephew Tashiro Gousaku (a man of Keikomon, the wife of Keikoumon is Tatsumasa’s sister ), and entrusted the sales to the New York branch of Mitsui Bussan Kaisha, with Ezoe Renzo as the sales manager.
The Japan Society
In love Niwa Yukuro (the elder brother of Niwa Tokichiro, a doctor of pharmacy) was a first-class shipbuilding engineer who went to England, but he did not want to work in the government service, so he opened a Western liquor wholesaler called Asahiya in Kanda Sudacho, Tokyo, and made a fortune. He then Gisuke Matsuo planned to trade in daily-use pottery, as opposed to the trade in craft goods, and together with Tatsumasa Matsumura and Hyakutaro Sato (the son of the great doctor Hisanaka Sato) of the Sakura clan, and Tokugawa family retainer Asahina Ichiro, they established the Nihon Shokai trading company, which was to export goods to the United States. In the 15th year of the same era, Tatsumasa also traded through the Tashiro Trading Company of Nagata Kageyoshi in Kobe, but in the 18th year of the same era, the Eiseisha was dissolved.
Tashiro Keiemon passed away
On July 21st, 1877, Keiemon Tashiro passed away. He was the second son of Kihei Tashiro Keiju, and together with his older brother Monzaemon, he expanded the business in Nagasaki’s Nishihama-machi, and also established branches in Shanghai and Yokohama (in 1874) , and he was able to gain a dominant position in the trade of Arita ware, to the extent that it was not possible for anyone outside the Tashiro family to gain the trust of others without the Tashiro name.
Distribution of Tashiroya
In his later years, the Tashiroya name was distributed by his two adopted sons. One was Tashiro Genpei (who died on June 26th, 1893) and split the business as Tashiroya in Ebisu-machi, Nagasaki. The other was Ichiroji Tashiro (nephew of Tatsumasa Matsumura, who died on December 13th, 1902 at the age of 53) who engaged in trade as Tashiroya in Benten-dori, Yokohama, and Ichiroji’s adopted son (actually nephew) Tashiro Hei (who died on May 21st, 1928 at the age of 64) also ran the Tashiro Trading Company in Nagoya’s Sakae-machi, and was said to be exporting ceramics worth 10 million yen per year.
Paper stencil dyeing ceramics
Meiji In the tenth year of Meiji (1877), Hisaji Muta of Otaru began a business carving paper stencils for printing on ceramics, which were called usuba. was made by pasting several sheets of thin paper onto a mold and then pulling it. He was from Amagi-machi, Asakura-gun, Fukuoka Prefecture, and had previously been a paper stencil engraver in his hometown, where he was involved in dyeing cloth.
At this time, he came to Arita , he introduced a method of applying paper stencils with carved designs to plain clay and then painting them with various colors to create different patterns. This simple technique method quickly became popular, and even low-quality dishes, bowls, rice bowls, bento boxes, and multi-tiered food boxes came to be decorated with raw cobalt on top of the raw cups.
Ancient stencil printing
lids This method of printing was also used in the past, as can be seen in the Kakiemon ware red and blue plates, which are so finely made that at first glance they look like they have been printed. Also, among the fragments excavated from the kiln ruins of the former Toji temple excavated from the kiln ruins, there were excellent pieces with a tortoiseshell pattern made up of fine dots, and there were also pieces excavated from the Heikoba kiln ruins that were skillfully printed, and there were also pieces with a wonderful coloring from the Kureko kiln.
The Paris World Exposition
Meiji In 1878, the year of the Great Exposition in Paris, Takuzo Otsuka of Saga Prefecture had already been ordered to go on a business trip the year before. This time, Eizaburo Fukagawa Eizakomon brought many products with him to Europe, and having gained experience from his previous trips, he was able to carefully select the products to be exhibited, and not only did he raise the value of Arita ware and make a large profit, but as a result of the judging, he also won a gold medal this time.
Purchasing French-style pottery making machines
At this time, Kenzo Imanari observed the pottery industry in various parts of Europe and felt the need for the use of machinery, so he purchased a simple French-style pottery machine and returned to Japan. This was the first application of pottery machinery in this field in Japan.
Export of daily necessities to Korea of daily necessities
In 1878, based on a report by Katsuhiro Hatajima, who was working in Korea at the time, the pottery merchant Zenzo Ishimaru from Imari (the younger brother of Kameya Genzaemon) and Rokuji Yanagase (Kaneroku, Genzaemon’s adopted son) traveled to Korea together traveled to the area and, after closely observing the situation, recognized that there was great potential for demand for cheap tableware, and immediately had each kiln begin production, leading to the start of the aforementioned exports to Korea.
Around this time, the Koreans also , the Koreans’ ideas about hygiene gradually developed, and the alloy tableware they had been using since ancient times was gradually replaced by the clean and fine porcelain, and the range of its use gradually expanded over the years. If we look back, since the Korean War introduced the art of porcelain making to Japan, and now Koreans are importing our products, it is truly a thing that cannot be helped but to feel a sense of the past and the present.
Yoshie Yamabe dies
On June 21st, 1878 (Meiji 11), On June 21st, 1878, Kyutomi Yojie Masayasu passed away at the age of 67. He was the eldest son of the previous generation, Masatsune, and was originally known as Mihosuke. Some of his works are signed “Soshuntei Miho”, and there are some incredibly delicate pieces, such as the thin Arita-ware bowls. He was also a qualified haikai poet, and was qualified as a junior master of the main school of the flower arrangement in Kyoto at the time, and received a ceremonial robe and a ceremonial hat from the Nijo family. In his later years, he retired to Gionzan and spent his remaining years in seclusion, making friends with the natural beauty of the seasons and taking the name Sanpo of Rōzan.
The introduction of the county system
In July 1878 In July 1878, the system of small administrative districts was abolished and a new county system was introduced, and prefectural and municipal assemblies were established. Utsumi Tadakatsu (who would later become Home Minister) was appointed Governor of Nagasaki Prefecture. (The prefectural assembly was not established until March of the following year.
In July 1878, the In July 1878, Koransha was concerned that many of the ceramics produced in Japan at the time were unsuitable for use overseas, and that sales channels were therefore narrow, so the company’s employees and others produced various Western-style tableware that they had researched in Europe and America, and planned to sell it , and Tezuka Kinosuke interviewed Kawase Shuji, Director of the Commerce Bureau of the Ministry of Home Affairs, and asked for the ministry’s support, and then negotiated the path of overseas exports through the existing trading company.
Establishment of the Arita Town Office
In November 1878, due to a revision of the county districts, the position of village headman was abolished, and as a result, the person in charge of enforcing the pottery industry agreement was suddenly left vacant. A new person in charge of enforcing the agreement was appointed as the town clerk, and he took over the duties of the village headman and handled official business. was paid a small stipend by the town of Arita, and the expenses for all of his duties were paid by the town, but in the 14th year, the stipend from the town of Arita was abolished, and all of the expenses were paid from the reserve fund of the pottery kilns. Then, in the 16th year, when the government-appointed mayor was appointed, was appointed, it became an organization that was solely responsible for the pottery industry and did not get involved in public affairs such as tax collection.
In December of 1878 (Meiji 11), In December 1878, negotiations with the Commerce Bureau on behalf of Koransha were conducted through the hands of the Kibokicho Rokuchome Industrial Association, which was established in the Kibokicho district of Kyobashi, Tokyo, and the products were successfully sold to various countries in Europe and America. The president of the Industrial Association, Matsuo Giyosuke was a former foot soldier in the Saga clan, and initially worked as a clerk for Motonobu Nonaka, but later went to Tokyo and persuaded the Home Minister, Hirobumi Ito, in 1876 to lend him 400,000 yen from the Minister of Finance, Shigenobu Okuma, and he was the person who planned the trade of Japanese craft products, and the Bureau of Commerce and Industry allowed the company to sell them for 5,000 yen. The instructions and the certificate of approval at the time were as follows.
Instructions from the Bureau of Commerce and Industry
Instructions from directive to apply
The purpose of the letter is to notify you that we will be manufacturing and selling a number of exquisite products worth 5,000 yen this year as a trial sale of pottery. Please attach the manufacturer’s price list and send it to the Tokyo Prefectural Industrial Association. If there are any products that do not meet the standards, please return them to us. must be sent by December 20th, 1879, and if there are any discrepancies, we will bear the responsibility for any losses incurred in the sale of the goods.
December 6th, 1878 Department of Commerce seal
National certificate for 5,000 yen
National certificate
1,000 yen for 5,000 yen
However, the price of the pottery ordered Price
As a trial sale of the pottery from the factory, we have received your order and have paid the amount stated in the document. We would like to request the following items for the certificate.
The pottery produced is of a high quality. . We will manufacture several types of products of the appropriate quality and send them to the Tokyo Prefecture Industrial Association. If the products are not up to standard, please send them back to us.
- We will manufacture the pottery as soon as possible manufacture by December 20th, 1879. After testing the product in Europe and America, we will take responsibility for any profit or loss from sales.
We will carry out the above matters. If the money is not paid, the guarantor will pay the money owed.
December 1878
Karansha, Arita, Nagasaki Prefecture
Kinosuke Tezuka
Residence
Guarantor: Name
Bureau of Commerce Mr.
Kawase Shuji, Chief Secretary of the Home Ministry
Separation of the Koransha
In March 1879 In March 1879, after the president of Koransha, Eizakomon Fukagawa, had returned from the Paris World Exposition, where he had achieved good results, he donated 1,000 yen to Shirakawa Elementary School as a souvenir. At the time, Kinosuke Tezuka decided to make major changes to the company’s structure and expand its business, and he and Eizakumon discussed this, and at this time, Tsunetami Sano, Hideji Kawase, and other prominent officials and other volunteers from Arita stood in the middle and tried to mediate in every way, but to no avail, and they ended up splitting up, and Kamesuke and the others ended up forming a separate company.
The founding of the Seiji Kaisha
This was the Seiji Kaisha, and brothers Fukanosuke and Katsuzo Tsuji, as well as Tsuneyuki Momota and Chujiro Kawahara, joined the company, with Kamenosuke as president. Chujiro had previously resigned from the Ministry of Industry’s Engineering Bureau in September 1877 in September 1877, he had left the Engineering Bureau of the Ministry of Industry and joined the Edogawa Porcelain Works (Shinkogawa-cho 2-chome, Ushigome-ku) run by Noutomi Sekijiro and Shioda Makoto, but this time he invested in Seiji-kai. The factory was then expanded to the Tsuji residence in Kamikohira Tsuji’s residence in Kamikohira was expanded, and the trademark was changed from Seikai to Koransha. The company was also appointed as a supplier to the Imperial Household Agency by Seikai.
Koransha Company
In July of this year, Eizakomon Fukagawa became independent and started running the Koransha company, organizing a general partnership company with a capital of 155,000 yen, and specializing in foreign trade products products, and even went on to open branches at 11 Dejima, Nagasaki and 56 Honmachi 4-chome, Yokohama, and it is now Arita of the Fukagawa period, having replaced Tashiroya.
A steamship arrives in Imari steamships entered
In July 1879, Kusakubo Kohei of Nishiyama-daimura Kusunoki (who studied under Taniguchi Aida, whose posthumous name was Nagayoshi, whose personal name was Kimimichi, and whose family name was Yoshiaki, who died on February 24, 1909 at the age of 76) and Ichimagaise Tomisuke of Imari opened regular steamship services between Osaka and Hakata, the first steamships to enter Imari. (who died on February 24th, 1909 at the age of 76) and Tomisuke Ichimankase of Imari, they opened regular shipping services between Osaka and Hakata, using the steamship Maru.
Thus, they opened the precedent for steamships entering the port ship began to arrive in port, the pottery that had previously been transported by sailing ship could now be transported quickly by steamer, and in 1888 a transport company was established in Imari. In the 30th year of the Meiji era, the Kyushu Railway line was opened at Arita Station, and it was possible to reach Hakata from Arita in the same amount of time as it took to reach the steamship pier at Kusu from Imari by barge, pottery goods could also be shipped by train from Arita to various places, and the Imari Steamship Company’s route was now shortened to regular services to the Karatsu area and the vicinity of Hirado.
Shuko-sha
Meiji In 1879, Yamaguchi Daijiro of Iwayagawachi, together with the local doctors Seishi Sekiyo and Seishi Keizo, Fukushima Kihei (the father of Mitsui Bussan’s Fukushima Kihei (the father of Mitsui Bussan’s Fukushima Kihei) and Matsumura Kuro of Tono Village, and he became the president of the company, which was involved in both manufacturing and sales.
The third Michihachi dies
On August 2nd, 1879 (Meiji 12 On August 2nd, 1879, Michiharu Takahashi, the third generation of the family, passed away at the age of 69. He was the son of the second generation master Michihachi, and was known by the name Mitsuhide, and also by the pseudonyms Kachutei Michigai or Michio. He had come to Arita in 1869 to learn the Kyoto-style overglaze enameling technique and other skills.
Yamatomise
Around Around 1879, a method of selling pottery called yamitate-uri became popular. This was a rough method of trading that was typical of the kiln-firing style of the time, in which the finished pottery was sold without opening the kiln. Of course, this method was not something that could be done by potters who specialized in making everyday items, of course.
In the beginning , even the kiln-made wares were sold. Even if there were some cases of buyers being cheated, in the end the buyers benefited. The merchants selected the wares (without the need for a specialist packer), made them taller, and sold them to the Imari area, and as the world turned, an unparalleled boom , and the people who made huge profits from this special purchase were Fujii Yakuro of Otaru, Tezuka Masazo, Inuzuka Giju of Nakanohara, and Yanagase Rokuto, who moved to Imari.
Hyakuta Tahei died
On April 26th, 1880, Hyakuta Tahei died. He was 63 years old. He was originally called Teishichi, but later changed his name to Tahei. He was the son of the previous Tahei was the son of Soichi (the father of Riso), and was a man of great talent and intelligence. He was a man of his time, and his achievements in the pottery industry and public affairs were numerous. (His grandson, Dr. Teiji Momota, is currently the technical director of the Tokyo Shibaura Electric Manufacturing Company.
Box-shaped Bowl Research
In 1880, Chikuji Fukami succeeded in manufacturing a box that was close to his ideal. , Kato Ichikomon invented a smoke cover (shelf) in place of a smoke guard (chimney) in the Ansei era (1855-1860), but the original Arita did not have high-quality fire-resistant clay, and the local pottery could not withstand the heat required to produce porcelain , but after Kawahara Chujiro introduced the Austrian stacking method, it became extremely convenient, and thanks to this success, the number of people stacking boxed bowls gradually increased. Takeji also also researched and succeeded in making large oval plates, which were mainly used in the United States, and he made these types of box-shaped bowls and tried to export them.
In the 13th year of Meiji, the economy was at its peak, and even small amounts of money, such as 100 yen, were not uncommon for advance payments to hire potters. At the time, the the Toyama Shrine (later the Hachiman Shrine, which was moved from Osato) was being rebuilt, the mountain shrine at the Izumiyama Quarry (originally there was a shrine in each of the pits at the quarry, but in the Bunkyu era (1861-1864) they were all moved to a hill next to the guardhouse ) and was enshrined here as a temporary shrine, waiting for the completion of the main shrine at Otaru, and in September the ceremony of the transfer of the shrine was finally held.
The excitement of the transfer of the shrine The festivities of the transfer of the shrine were like a luxurious scroll painting of the Arita pottery mountains. Crowds gathered from the surrounding villages to watch the festivities, and the ten districts of the entire mountain prepared floats and stages with elaborate ideas. Among them, Izumiyama made a large temple bell using a few coins, and a large barrel made using Tenpo coins was paraded around with a giant dragon inside. On the stage in the precincts of the Tōyama Shrine, a few chickens were made using copper coins and other coins, and in particular the gorgeous floats were a world of the Ryugu Palace in the Heikoba.
This good economic boom , looking at the excess of money, there were about four or five brothels opened in Iwasaki. There was a nonsense that the master and the hired craftsmen who were in the midst of amusement met each other at times, and there was also a master who made a fuss about the body of the craftsmen who were addicted.
The Seto of the earth-fastening machine use
In the 13th year of Meiji (1880), Kato Mokuzo, the owner of the Seto kiln, and Kawamoto Masakichi came to Arita and inspected the local pottery industry, and in particular, they saw the filter press (clay press) used by the They saw the filter press (clay press) used by the Dutch company and found it extremely convenient, and it is said that they immediately ordered one. It is thought that they ordered it from Nagasaki.
The Beginning of Kanaya
Meiji In the 13th year of Meiji (1880), Hirosuke Yamaguchi of Saga opened a business selling gold powder for dissolving in liquid medicine, and he ran the business with his concubine Orie in Shirakawa. and later, goldsmiths such as Kitasima Eisuke of Akahinomachi, Motoyasu of Honkouhei, and Ureshino Shikichi of Otaru were established.
Request for correction of the name of the Ishiba estate Request for correction
On April 28th, 1880, the owner of the Ishiyama Ishiba land was greatly surprised to discover that the land had become state-owned land due to the negligence of the person in charge, and submitted a request for the name of the land to be corrected, as follows.
Request for correction of the name of the land Request
We have recently been dispatched to investigate the land leased by the Arita Sarayama Mining Company, which is part of the land belonging to the government and the people. We have been told that the land is owned by the people of Sarayama, but when we looked at the revised register, we were surprised to see that it was stated as government-owned land. I was surprised to learn that the land was owned by the government, and I was very surprised to learn that the land was owned by the government, and I was very surprised to learn that the land was owned by the government, and I was very surprised to learn that the land was owned by the government, and I was very surprised to learn that the land was owned by the government, and I was very surprised to learn that the land was owned by the government, and I was very surprised to learn that the land was owned by the government, and I was very surprised to learn that the land was owned by the government, and I was very surprised to learn that the land was owned by the government, and I was very surprised to learn that the land was owned by the government, and I was very surprised to learn that the land was owned by the government, and I was very surprised to learn that the land was owned by the government, and I was very surprised to learn that the land was owned by the government, and I was very surprised to learn that the land was owned by the government, place numbers, and the village headman of Tsuchi-ana, etc., were abolished. The document attached to the letter records the details of the land in the area of Sarayama that was allocated to the same person within and outside the month. Other details of the mining operations are also recorded. The document records the details of the land in the area of Sarayama that was allocated to the same person within and outside the month. Other details of the mining operations are also recorded. The document records the details of the land in the area of Sarayama that was allocated to the same person within and outside the month. Other details of the mining operations are also recorded. The document records the details of the land in the area of Sarayama that was allocated to the same person within and outside the month. Other details of the mining operations are also recorded. The document records the details of the land in the area of Sarayama that was allocated to the same person within and outside the month. Other details of the mining operations are also recorded. The document records the details of the land in the area of Sar the then head of the local government) also cancelled it and re-entered it as government-owned land, and the name of Gengo has completely disappeared. Accordingly, when I examined the revised general ledger, I saw that the land had been leased from the Ministry of Works in the previous year, and I mistakenly thought that the land was leased land, and based on my own narrow-mindedness I imagined that the area had been incorporated into the part of the government-owned land. We have also delegated the matter to the new book of revisions, and we apologize for not checking the new book of revisions. However, as stated in the previous paragraph, the second item is as follows: The right to the Izumiyama stone pit, which is 5 cho, 2 tan, 2 hiro, and 6 bu, is the same as the shared land of Sarayama The land in the same area as the Hoya Valley, which is owned by Setoguchi Gengo, has been re-surveyed and corrected. The records of the old Saga Domain, including the written receipt, will be submitted as soon as they are needed. We respectfully request that the land be re-surveyed and corrected as requested.
April 28th, 1880 18th day of the 4th month
Arita, Arita-sara-yama, Matsuura-gun
Seto-guchi, Gengo
Same, common representative
Iwamatsu, Heigo
Right-hand door chief
Nakamura, Kenzo
Watanabe, Gennosuke
To the Governor of Nagasaki Prefecture, Utsumi Tadakatsu
No. 214
We have received your letter and understand the contents of your request.
August 4th, 1880 day
Acting for Tadakatsu Uchinomi
Nagasaki Prefecture, Minor Official, Toshiyuki Kanai seal
Dividing the Matsuura District into four parts, east, west, south and north
May 5th, 18 On May 5th, 1880, the Matsuura district was divided into four districts, each corresponding to the four cardinal points. The Karatsu area was called Higashi-Matsuura, the Imari and Arita areas were called Nishi-Matsuura, the Hirado area was called Kita-Matsuura, and Goto was called Minami-Matsuura. Later, when Nagasaki Prefecture became independent from Nagasaki Prefecture, Higashi-Matsuura and Nishi-Matsuura belonged to Saga Prefecture, and Kita-Matsuura and Minami-Matsuura belonged to Nagasaki Prefecture.
The arrival of the French
In March 1881, the second National Industrial Exhibition was held in Tokyo In March 1881, the second National Industrial Exhibition was held in Tokyo, and Tezuka Kinosuke went to Tokyo with exhibits from the Seiji-kai company, but when the exhibition was about to close, he visited the American pottery merchant, Freind, who had come to Japan from Boston, and gained a great deal from the visit. Then, the Minister of Finance, Sano Tsunetami and Daisuke Yajiro also invited Hollenbeck and asked him to help greatly with the export of Japanese ceramics to the United States.
Hollenbeck’s stay in Arita stay
In October 1881, Kamenosuke Tezuka returned to Arita with Frendz, and from then on he worked with him on the production of Arita ware for export to foreign countries. , and it was for this reason that he stayed for over 50 days. During this time, he tested the quality of Arita porcelain , and praised it as being unsurpassed in the world, and then expressed various opinions about the flaws in the patterns and appearance of its production.
He presented the samples to the Emperor for inspection to offer
Kinoshita then went to Tokyo with the 170 samples he had made, and met with Yajiro Shinagawa, who was so impressed that he asked to see them all. He eventually rented a room at the Seiyoken restaurant in Ueno and displayed them there, making them available for viewing by important people officials, and the Minister of the Imperial Household, Prince Tokudaiji Sanenori, praised it highly, and it was moved to the Ministry of the Imperial Household and displayed there, where it was viewed by the Emperor on the night of the 12th of the 10th month of the 14th year of Meiji (1881). One of the French-style models was especially honored by the Ministry.
On October 12th, 1881, when the self-government system was implemented, the clauses of the pottery industry agreement that belonged to the administration were abolished, and the sanctions on the pottery industry the scope of the sanctions was reduced, and the Arita Kiln Porcelain Industry Association was formed to continue the spirit of the old agreement.
Recession and Accumulation
From this the economy began to reverse, and wages for each worker were reduced by 25%. This period of economic difficulty led to the development of a simplified production method, and many people began to abandon bisque firing and instead focus on the production of unglazed pottery. It is said that the production of Jingdezhen pottery in China was so good that it was like a complete accumulation of the best products, and even if we omit dealing with the products of poor quality, the accumulation method is very convenient, but at that time there was no such research, and in this way, the reputation of Arita ware products , and this was entered in the rules of the Porcelain Industry Association, which banned all accumulation except for some special products, and as the chairman of the association, Kohei Tashiro, strictly monitored this.
Takeji’s research into lime glazes
Kume Kunitake, who came to the Seiji-kai company in 1881 Kume Kunitake, who came to Seiji-kai in 1881, had previously been experimenting with the use of lime as a substitute for the expensive oak ash, based on the ideas of Wagener, and Takuji Fukami was in charge of the research, but although they had finally reached the point of completion, it had not yet been applied to general kiln firing.
Hirao’s construction of the stone pit
In 1881 In 1881, Iwamatsu Heigo, the head of the Ishiba mine, advocated the need to drain the stagnant water in the old mine shafts in order to make it easier to extract the ore, and he oversaw the construction of a waterway in the center of the mine, greatly improving the extraction process. From this time on, the number of people in charge of the mine was increased from six to fifteen people were changed to 15 people, and it became 13 people with the earth hole and 2 people with the medicine hole.
Benshugakusha
In the 14th year of Meiji ( In 1881, Arita Elementary School principal Eta Koshigoe, having carried out his long-held ambition, raised a total of 13,500 yen from donations from Fukagawa Eizaburo and other well-wishers, and together with Shirakawa Elementary School, built a large school building , a large school building (which later became the Arita Town Hall and was also used as a kindergarten, but has now been moved to the riverbank and is now a community school) was newly built, and it was named Benishu Gakusha. It was named by the hand of Prince Arisugawa Toshihito Prince Arisugawa, and it was named after a large calligraphy scroll written by him. It was truly the starting point for practical education in the pottery industry in Japan.
Reita Egoshi
Reita Egoshi was the son of a samurai named Jinei Dosu from Ogi Shinkoji, and his childhood name was Aikichiro. He also had the pseudonyms Joshin, To-o, Hakkei, Kujyukkei-o, Chikusan-jin, and Sanjaku-o. He was a man of great generosity and composure, and was not afraid to go against the grain he was not arrogant, and he entered the school of Kōbō Daishi at an early age. Later, when he studied at the Shohei School in Edo, he also studied English under Koga Kindō (the third son of Seiri’s son, Dōan’s son, Kindōichirō, also known as Chakei) and also excelled at poetry and calligraphy. At that time, he associated with many famous people from various domains, and in particular, he was close friends with Kawai Akinori (Tsuginosuke) from Oshu.
Russian envoy Putyatin
In the 6th year of the Kaei era On July 17th, 1853, the Russian envoy, Admiral Fyodor Fyodorovich Putyatin, arrived in Nagasaki to request a meeting with the Shogunate to discuss the issue of the Sakhalin fief. In response, the Shogunate sent a delegation to meet with him, including the Chief Councilor of State Tsutsui Hizen-no-kami Masanori, the Comptroller of Accounts Kawaji Samon and the Confucian scholar Koga Kin’ichiro, and at this time, as they still needed one more advisor, they chose Reita from the Shohei School to accompany them. Thus, Masanori and the others sent back a reply stating that they did not need the territory rejected the request, and sent him back.
Rei-ta was rewarded for his services at this time , the feudal lord of the Ogi domain, Nabeshima Naoyoshi, granted him the private island of Kugishima (also known as Maganejima, which was formerly under the control of the Goryo clan in the Imari port area, but which later became part of the Ogi domain and is now incorporated into Kurokawa village). In the first year of the Bunkyu era (1861 he was teaching at the Ogi clan school Koko-kan, but in the sixth year of the same era he opened a private school called Take-on-sha.
Kuhara’s Keirinsha
After that, he moved to Kuhara in the Matsura county of the Ogi clan territory, and opened an English school called Keirinsha, where he taught for two years. In the second year of the Keio era (1866 ), at the behest of the feudal lord Kanso, Ishimaru Kogoro and Kume Joichiro came to this area and, in cooperation with Yamashiro County Governor Umezaki Gentaro, opened the pit mine, and Reeta also played a major role in this. From this point on, Kogoro took on the role of English teacher at the Keirinsha school, while without an English teacher, and Reeta educated many children as the head of the school. (This coal mine was later called Asahi Coal Mine, and was run by retired Rear Admiral Yamasaki Kagenori of Tara Village, Fujitsu County, and later became Murai Coal Mine and was closed down.
There are not a few people who became famous in later years who came from this school’s English students There were not a few who became famous later, including Shida Rinzaburo of Taku (Director of the Engineering Bureau, Director of the Telegraph School and Professor at the Engineering University, Doctor of Engineering), Nakano Munehiro of Ogi (Deputy Director of the Communications Bureau at the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications), and his younger brother His younger brother, Nakano Hatsuko (Professor at the Technical College, Doctor of Engineering), Kouchi Tadaoki (Professor at the Science College, Doctor of Science) from Nagasaki, Nakamura Muichi (Commander of the 4th Infantry Brigade, Lieutenant General of the Army) from Arita, and others.
On July 14th, 1871 ( 1871), when the domains were abolished and prefectures established, and all the domains’ projects were discontinued, Morris also left the Keirinsha, and Reeta came to Arita and, as mentioned above, in April of the following year, he took up employment as the principal of Shirakawa Elementary School.
Reeta’s Pragmatism
And Rei-ta, like an ordinary Confucian scholar, was happy to give lectures on the literal meaning of words, and he encouraged the practical application of knowledge, always encouraging his students to engage in the industries of their hometown. He also made sure that his students were aware of the unparalleled history of the pottery industry in this area , and also worked hard to find ways to get the students interested in this type of work. At the time, he worked with Tokumi Chiai, who was also from the same clan, to create a book called Sarayama Fudoki, which was highly praised by the students.
Sarayama Fudoki
It is about 20 miles north of the Nagasaki prefecture, about 20 miles to the north
Saru-yama in Nishimatsuura-gun has a population of about 6,000
and is a place that produces pottery
up until the time of the feudal domain, there were about 100 kilns
and 16 red-painted houses number was limited
In the beginning of the Meiji era, in the year of the Dragon, the ancient
royal government was restored, and the rights of others were not interfered with, and the freedom of the people also grew
and the same occupation, business and commerce gradually became widespread
From the beginning of pottery, now 370 years have passed
Long ago, in the Eisei era, there was a man named Gorota even though he was a man from Ise,
I don’t know for sure whether he was Chinese or not,
but he learned the art of making Chinese pottery,
discovered the good clay of this land, and made many different wares.
His elegant and refined blue and white pottery is a type of pottery that is unmatched in the world. on his return from the invasion of Korea
he was accompanied by a Korean named
Lee Sam-pei, who settled in the village of
Taku in Ogi County and began making pottery.
When he found that the clay was not suitable, he moved house and came to this village,
where he walked around the area looking for suitable clay. the incomparable treasure of that stone and clay
Arita’s Izumiyama, until recently, even the Sarayama
mountain, which was shady and dark in the trees, was called the village of Tanaka
starting with the Kanagae family, and the Momota, Fukami, Iwao, and others
were all the descendants of Koreans, and were not far from the Sarayama
the old-fashioned earthenware dug up from the fields and plains of the village
of what age and by whom were they buried buried objects.
It is a vessel that is valued and loved by
a man of taste who prefers the old to the new.
The red-painted ware was learned by
the Higashijima family of Imari from a Chinese person in Nagasaki.
It was passed down to a man called Kisuke Mon, but Gosu Kubei worked hard
and achieved a satisfactory result. Surely, that item was made by Kakuemon
and a man called Yoshi Tayu, who had gone to Nagasaki
and, despite his fears, began to export it to foreign countries.
That man called Kubei worked even harder over the years
and painted it in a variety of colors In the third year of the Shouho era, in June
the Kakiemon of the Sakaida family also took their wares to Nagasaki
and began selling them. Now, more than 200 years have passed since then
and at this time, both red glaze and underglaze blue had greatly advanced
and there were said to be several thousand people working in the kilns
and producing paintings and other works. were made around this time.
After that, foreign trade was cut off for a while.
Kutomi Yoji, the owner of the Shuntei store, was deeply deceived by the
power of our family, and finally opened a business in Holland and China
as well, which can truly be called a revival can be called a revival.
The history of the imperial court’s use of these wares goes back to the Kanbun era.
The Date clan of Oshu (in what is now Iwate Prefecture) sent a man named
Gorobei, a merchant from the Imanariya family in Edo, to this Saryama area
to have pottery made to order, but none of the pieces he made were to his satisfaction.
At that time, the second generation of the Tsuji family, Kiu Kimon, the second generation of the Tsuji family,
made a pot that was bulging, and Gorobei took it
and presented it to the Lord of Sendai, who was overjoyed
and said that it was a truly clear and beautiful
pot, and that he should continue to use it from then on.
After receiving this wise instruction, the Tsuji family the Tsuji family
began to offer the vessels for the imperial court.
The fourth generation Kiheiji was entrusted with the task of making the vessels for the Hitachi clan in June of the 6th year of the An’ei era
and became famous as a pottery craftsman.
The ultimate truth of the art of pottery making was the invention of the Kiheiji kiln, which was used to fire pottery in a kiln.
When firing pottery in a kiln, the pottery was laid out in a single layer or by piling them up
on top of each other, he came up with another idea
and began making two-tiered scales
Wagener from Germany, who had been living here for a while
advanced the way that pottery and glazes were used
The beginning of the World Expo was before the Meiji Restoration
when it was held in France, and even though even though the number of exhibits from our country
was small, the pottery produced here
was said to be the best, and the first
time it was praised was in the third year of the
Keio era, and the next time was in the
sixth year of the Meiji era, when Hirabayashi handled the exhibits
and the vase, which is six feet high, is a famous product
which has won a prize of fame.
With the jewels of pottery, we will
shine the light of our country to the world
with all our hearts, and with the combined strength of four people
we have made a promise and the promise we made
is a promise that even now
bears the name of the company that made it, Koransha.
The four of us encouraged each other
and said that even if we had to sell our houses, we would not give up our honor.
We studied and worked hard to make our own exhibits should be different
from the prize of honor that they won. Those who attended the exhibition were
Mr. Kamenosuke Tezuka, Mr. Kagenosuke Fukami,
Mr. Usaburo Fukagawa, and Mr. Kiyoshi Togawa, who was the first person to travel abroad.
In the same year, the company also displayed items of honor at a domestic exhibition
and received favorable reviews from the judges. and the judges were satisfied with the results.
The students’ hand-made wind-patterned prize medals were a great success.
The following year, the students entered their work in the French Exposition,
and with even greater skill, they displayed large bowls that were almost four feet in diameter
and vases that were over ten feet tall.
Among these, the students of Shirakawa School cooperative picture frames
were specially purchased by the Ministry of Education.
The gold medal they received was a great honor indeed.
Eizaemon Fukagawa traveled from France to England
to inspect the products and study the design styles
of Western-style products, and manufacturing equipment
was also ordered. In the spring of the twelfth year of Meiji, he returned to Japan.
From the beginning, this school was the starting point for the local industry.
As the school was opened, the machines were still not in place.
As the years passed, the students, who were a little older,
would work hard and study.
In this way, a practical training course was set up for elementary school students a practical training course was set up to provide a basic education in the pottery industry. This chronicle is still known by many of the students of that time , even now, there are not a few people who can still recite it. The main aim of these exhibitions was for each garden to compete to exhibit their art and craft works and to win a prize for their work, and this was a very different type of encouragement from the type of encouragement seen in later generations. It was a type of exhibition that should be seen as a representative of each country’s culture , and the exhibitors were not only concerned with profit, but also naturally produced their works with government subsidies. It seems that the Chinese were amazed to see Japanese soldiers paying for things with their own money.
Misunderstanding of Shourui
However, the author of the book, Tokumi Chiai, and his collaborator, Egoshi Reta, were both immigrants from the Ogi domain at the time, and were not originally familiar with the history of pottery in this area, so there are some errors in the book. Tokumi Chiai, the author of the Toki, and Egoshi Reita, his collaborator, were both people who had moved from the Ogi domain at the time, and as they were not originally familiar with the history of pottery in this area, it was inevitable that there would be some errors, but in particular Shouzu is considered the founder of the pottery here, and the Arita porcelain was made in the same way as the Shouzu porcelain, which was discovered by someone before Ri Sampei. After that, Hyogo Prefecture was under the jurisdiction of the Ohtaru Kengo Yokoo, who had been a government official in Hyogo Prefecture, returned to his hometown after retiring from his post. When he saw this local chronicle, he thought it was completely unacceptable, so he deleted the article about the auspicious omen and rewrote it as you can see below. At this time, the area was under the jurisdiction of Saga Prefecture, so there were probably very few people who knew about this rewriting.
Kengo Yokoo’s rewriting of the local chronicle
Saga Prefecture There are 11 ri and 10 cho to the west of the prefectural office
The town of Arita now has 1,074 households
With a population of 5,500, everyone makes pottery
And the number of kilns is
120, with 16 red-painted houses approximately
limited to that number. In the beginning of the Meiji Restoration,
when the rights of people were not interfered with, trade
gradually prospered, and so, together with the glory of the reign
of the Emperor, the number of kilns was not limited to that
number. In the time of the Korean campaign of Bunroku and Keicho the Korean immigrant
Lee Sam-pei from Kimgae Village in the Ogi region
began making pottery in the village of Taku, but as there was no good clay there
he moved to the Arita area, where he built a kiln on the banks of a river
and eventually came to the current location of Arita.
The area was then called Tanaka Village, and the people gradually began to gather there. was in the mountains
and was called Tanakamura.
Gradually, people began to gather there, and day by day, the area became prosperous.
The Hyakuta, Fukami, Iwao, and other areas were all settled by Koreans.
Then, the Akakasuya area was laid out by the Higashijima family of Imari, and
Kiso Kikuzo but
it still didn’t happen.
After many years of effort, they finally came up with the idea
and sold it, marking the beginning of foreign trade in this village.
It was in the third year of the Shouho era, in the summer of the year of the
Ming Dynasty, that it happened. from then on, Chouemon
and Kichidayu began to trade in Nagasaki,
but it was only a small amount.
The famous Tomimura family
began a large-scale trading business, but it was discontinued later for some reason. was not taught to the people of Amakusa.
The alliance of the sixteen people
was very strict.
This is why the number sixteen has been used ever since.
From the year of the Dragon in the year of the King in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the Dragon in the year of the and his efforts were rewarded.
The trade that was opened in the end will flourish for many years to come.
It was the beginning of the trade that was used by the Imperial Household, which is referred to as the “middle inner part”.
It is said that in the old days, in the Kanbun era, the Date clan lord of the Sendai domain
asked a merchant in Edo called Gorobei of the Imariya family to make pottery for him. for two years,
but nothing met his expectations. At that time, Tsuji was the third generation
Kiukomon, and he presented the items he had made
to the Date clan lord. The items were passed around,
and eventually they were presented to the Ouchi clan.
The reason for this was that the items were pure and clean, and to the Ouchi family.
The Tsuji family, who had been
continuously offering the pottery to the Ouchi family,
received an order from the Ouchi family in the 6th month of the 7th year of the An’ei era (1778) to make pottery for the Ouchi family.
Kiheiji, who had already gained a reputation for his pottery,
invented the “Kokushin” method, which is still used today. was put into the kiln
and piled up, but in those days, they were laid out flat all over the place
and piled up on top of each other, using a pair of scales
and then, after a lot of trial and error, they came up with the idea of using a two-tiered pair of scales
and starting with Hyakuta Tatsujyu, from around the time of the Meiji era
there was a lot of production of vases, and among them
from the sixth month of the sixth year of the rooster, they started began
to be exhibited at the World Expo, and it was a vase that was over six feet tall
that won the prestigious award and became famous in many countries.
The main person responsible for its production was
Kumakichi Ienaga, a man from Shirakawa Mountain.
Of course, Arita pottery had already been since the arrival of Wagner from
Germany, many things have been invented, but there are also many things that have not been achieved in the short time that has passed.
The quality of the stone used in the production process is
extremely good, but the method of production is still lacking.
Science, which is advancing day by day, is the foundation of this pottery.
If you do not study industrial science, no matter how much ingenuity you use
it’s still like groping in the dark.
Let the products of our country shine above the world
and let’s make a profit for the country and raise the name of Arita.
Reita’s movement
In order to establish the Arita Technical School Etsu Rei, who was passionate about the construction of the Arita Technical School, worked hard to raise funds to support its establishment. In 1880 (Meiji 13) he sold the only property he owned, a government bond certificate, to raise 360 yen for the campaign, and went to Tokyo, where he visited his senior from his home prefecture, Soejima Taneomi, Okuma Shigenobu, Oki Takatomo, Tsunetami Sano, etc., to seek their support and donations, and also obtained calligraphy from Sanjo Sanetomi, Maekou Yanagihara, Hirobumi Ito, etc. We also received a calligraphy from His Imperial Highness Prince Arisugawa Toshihito at this time.
It is said that the former Minister of Foreign Affairs, Munenori Terashima, who was from Satsuma, Masanori Terashima, the former Foreign Minister from Satsuma, is also said to have been very instrumental in this movement.
After returning from his travels, he was determined to establish a school for the people of Arita, and his ardent wish was finally realized seven years later. With the generous donations he had received, he was able to open the school the school opened, he enrolled his eldest son Kotaro (a rear admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy) and his second son Yonejiro (a clerk at the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, and later the mayor of Arita) as the first students.
Tezuka Gobei elected as a prefectural assembly member
Meiji In March 1882, Gobei Tezuka from Shirakawa was elected as a member of the prefectural assembly from Nishimatsuura County. The prefectural governor at the time was Tadakatsu Utsumi , and the chairman of the prefectural assembly was Masahisa Matsuda of Ogi (who later became the Speaker of the House of Representatives and also served as Minister of Justice and Minister of Finance), with Yoshimichi Matsuo of Takeo (who later became the Chairman of the Saga Prefectural Assembly) as the vice-chairman.
The founding of the Imanari Bank The establishment of the Imanari Bank
In March 1882, the Imanari Bank was established. Prior to this, in 1878, the Mitsui family had established a savings and exchange office in the area, with Shozo Tanba as manager, but this was not enough to meet the financial needs of the region. At that time the following year, Eizakomon Fukagawa, who had returned from France, strongly advocated the need to establish a bank for the financing of the pottery industry, and so the local volunteers, including Genzaemon Ishimaru (Kameya Honke) and Teikichi Matsuo (Fudaba Honke), , and others, including the Nabeshima family, the Ogi Nabeshima family, and Shigenobu Okuma, became major shareholders and took on the role of intermediary.
After fifteen years of this after 15 years, the Imari Bank with 1,700,000 yen in capital was established in Arikiri (now by the Aioi Bridge), and Shimomura Tadaaki, a former Saga clan retainer, became its president. At the time, it was one of the largest banks in the country. In December of the same year, at the request of the people of Karatsu, a branch office was established there, and in June of the following year, a branch was established on Yokohama Minami-nakadori, but due to the financial crisis in the business world, the bank fell into financial difficulties, and it was the Ogi clan retainer Minoda Sukenobu who was appointed as the bank’s president and successfully sorted out the situation. At the time the directors were Sadakichi Genzaemon and Eizaemon. In August 1907, the capital was increased to 500,000 yen, and in 1921 it was increased to 10 million yen, and it is now a bank with 20 million yen in capital. In later years , there were such distinguished figures as the bank’s presidents Yoshihachi Motooka, Yohei Fujita, and Seizaburo Ogushi, and the current president is Eisuke Ikenaga.
Arita Arita Storage Company
In 1882, Eizakoumon Fukagawa, Koukoumon Momota, Keishichi Fujii, Kiyosaku Doi, Seiichi Kawasaki and others decided that it was inconvenient to rely solely on the Imari Bank for financing the Arita pottery industry, and so they established a small finance company called the Arita Storage Company at the Tamaya (the former residence of Mitsunosuke Fukami, later occupied by Jihei Tsuruta and then by Chikayoshi Tokumi) (where Tsukuda Jihei lived, and later Tokumi Chikayoshi lived), a small financial institution called the “Chosokai” was established, but as it was located too far to the east, it was moved to the house of Yamaguchi Yuzo in the back alley, and Nakamura Kenzo of Honkouhei was the joint manager. This was the predecessor of the Arita Bank.
Nagao Tashiro Shokai
In 1882, Nagano Keisuke of Tokyo, who had become acquainted with Tashiroya’s Tezuka Gohei, opened a trading company in Kobe-machi under the name of Tashiro Shokai, dealing in Hizen pottery. Keisuke was the younger brother of Matano Taku (Aida), a retainer of the Banshu Tatsuno domain, and was previously a senior councilor of the same domain. He was a man of great insight and ambition, and excelled at Chinese poetry, having exchanged poems with Onuma Shoshan and others, and having even collaborated on a book. ran a publishing business called Hakubunsha at 1-1 Ginza 4-chome, Tokyo, and in September 1875 he accepted an order from the Grand Council of State to print official documents, making a large profit, but around this time he began to notice the excellence of Arita ware and started this trade in Kobe. (Keiboku died on February 6th, 1895 at the age of 56)
However , of all the goods in his general trading business, only the porcelain was designated as an Arita ware business, with his friend Matsumura Tatsumasa in charge of the products of the Eiseisha, and Yoshida Ario, Keiboku’s sister’s husband, as the head of the business. , there were also employees such as Hikari Kogenosuke from Himeji, Yamamoto and Kato Bonkichi, but after the dissolution of Eiseisha, Arita’s Toshiro Mawatari (formerly Hamakichi) joined the company. From the start of the wholesale business of this Konda Shokai, the large-scale trade of Arita ware in Kobe began.
Kanagae Kane and Kinkin
The main shipper from Arita at this time was Tokuichi Kanegae of Nakanohara (the fourth son of Shoseki Masashi, and the eldest son of the local Shinto shrine priest). He made repeated visits to the gods in an effort to expand trade, and the main items he traded were vases, pots, and orchid stands. It was also at this time that he became acquainted with Park Yeong-hyo and Kim Ok-gyun, who were in exile in Kobe at the time.
The large lantern at the Kusunoki Shrine The large lantern at the Kusunoki Shrine
Tokuichi’s customers in Arita included Matsumoto Jiro, Inuzuka Giichi of Nakanohara, Fujii Kiyosaku and Tezuka Masao of Oya, Tomimura Tomikazu and Kitajima Eisuke of Akae-machi, and Maruta Jonosuke. From this the Kobe trade in Hizen goods grew year by year, and the Arita shippers cooperated to offer a large porcelain lantern (made by Yamamoto Ryukichi of Shirakawa) to the Minatogawa Shrine in that area.
Tosei In 1882, the company Tōei-gumi, a ceramics sales company with a capital of 100,000 yen, was established in Imari-machi, with Nishiki Kazuemon (Tadashi Doi) of Kamidoi-machi as president and Koyama Jōtarō, who was born in Arita-Shirakawa, as manager. the purchasing department in Arita was headed by Fujijiro Shomura of Nakanohara, who was assisted by Fujiyoshi Shomura, and the branch in Yokohama Onoe-cho was headed by Tomisuke Shomura (Fujijiro’s younger brother) , and the branch in Kobe’s Sakae-machi was run by Toshikado Tateishi of Imari, while the branch in Incheon, Korea was headed by a certain Mr. Nishi. Although it was very prosperous at one time, it was dissolved in the 20th year of Meiji.
Saga Prefecture Independence
On May 9th, 1883, Nagasaki Prefecture was split off and reverted to Saga Prefecture, which came to govern all ten counties of Saga, Kanzaki, Ogi, Kishi, Yofu, Mine, Fujitsu, Keshima, Higashimatsuura, and Nishimatsuura. Kagemitsu Kamata was appointed as the governor of Saga Prefecture. He was a former member of the Kamikaze-ren in Kumamoto, and was a calligrapher who wrote calligraphy on paper and pottery when he came to Arita at the time.
Yamanaka Agreement
On July 10th, 1883, the Yamanaka Agreement was established in Arita. In the past, when various disputes and problems arose in the community, the local chivalrous men would generally act as mediators and arbitrators, and among them, the potter Nagahiro Shigezaburo of Shirakawa was the foremost. However, as the times changed, it became increasingly difficult to resolve disputes using only Shigezaburo’s judgment.
After the Meiji Restoration In the transitional period of enlightenment that had not yet been in place for very long after the Meiji Restoration, there were many people who cried out for half-baked freedom, or who asserted their rights without restraint, and who went to court to argue even over trivial matters. and to make socializing more simple, the volunteers Yoshihachi Kawahara, Bokusuke Fukami, Eizakomon Fukagawa, Ryuen Hisatomi, Ihei Hirabayashi, Reta Egoshi, and Goei Tezuka, etc., got together and established 29 articles of association. This are not directly related to the pottery industry, but are listed here as a way of understanding a little about the times.
Articles of Agreement for the Arita-Sarayama Pottery Industry in Nishimatsuura County
Article 1 Article 1: The most precious things in life are life, property and one’s village. These are things that cannot be protected by one person alone, but rather by the combined strength of the people. Each person must work to ensure the peace and security of their village, because this is where life and property are most precious. Therefore, these rules have been established.
Article 2 Article 1: The aim of this association is to promote friendship, to help each other in times of good and bad fortune, to help each other in times of hardship, to praise good and punish evil, to correct each other’s behavior, and to obey the law, including the criminal law and other laws and regulations, and of course, you should be careful not to misunderstand the details of these rules. The following are a few examples of things that are easy to misunderstand
- Entering someone else’s forest, bamboo grove, or other such place, or picking fruit or vegetables from someone else’s fields or gardens, or fishing from someone else’s pond or lake, or gambling, or anything similar to these
- those who obstruct the passage of people or vehicles with things such as road magnets, dried fish, or sewage, or those who illegally allow people to stay at their inns
Article 3: The aim of this agreement is to encourage people to save money and live frugally, and to improve the quality of life in the mountains.
Article 4 Article 10: The ten households will be divided into five groups, and the ten mountains in the area will be divided into five groups, with the following names: Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagawachi, Iwayagaw The town of Toshino-Togayama is divided into east and west, and a chief is appointed for each section.
Article 5 Article 5: Places where gangs gather, such as places where they stop by or meet, shall be prohibited.
Article 6: It shall be prohibited to accept requests from travelers, to take bribes, to buy or pawn items, or to act as a guarantor for such activities.
Article 7 Article 7 Those who wish to hold Kabuki, Sumo or other entertainment events must obtain approval from the police station in charge of the area before applying.
The distribution of tickets for entertainment events from the source or other such means must be discontinued.
Article 8 Article 8: The number of people attending funerals has decreased, and it has exceeded thirteen households.
Article 9 Article 10: From now on, the distribution of rice cakes and sweets as condolence gifts to the bereaved families of the deceased shall be completely abolished.
Article 11: The memorial services for the deceased and the annual memorial services shall be reduced to the minimum necessary.
Article 12 Article 11: If a dispute arises from a loan of money or other items, and the matter cannot be settled by consulting with the head of the town office or other relevant officials, then the matter may be taken to court by oneself or by requesting the services of another, but one must not be tempted by lawyers or others to sign a power of attorney for the matter.
However this does not apply to cases of lending or borrowing money, or cases involving other people in the household. People within the rules cannot perform the procedures for this case and cannot accept requests.
Article 12: You must not believe in Christianity or other foreign religions.
Article 13 Article 13: Those laymen who perform Shinto-style prayers, those who chant “Inari” or “Kobou”, those who read the lines of a palm reader, those who read the lines of a physiognomist, and those who read the lines of a house diviner, etc., are not to be trusted.
Article 14: All tea gatherings, Higan-dango, summer festivals, rice-cake gatherings, etc., are to be abolished.
Article 10 Article 15: River festivals, Kannon lectures, and other customs involving water, as well as other customs that are considered to be good, shall be abolished.
Article 16: Marriage/matchmaking shall be limited to three people from each side.
However, this does not apply to relatives or people with whom you have a special relationship, and who do not require the services of a matchmaker.
Article 17 Article 17: The person from the other side who is staying in the area must carry a certificate of residence for their legal domicile. If they do not, they will not be able to rent a house, or be hired for a day, or live in a temporary residence.
Article 18: It is forbidden to borrow money at high interest rates, such as deducting interest from a certificate.
Article 19 Article 19: It is not permitted to build a house on land that is not registered as a town-use road or a road-use road, even if it is a newly-built house.
Article 20: It is not permitted to do things such as standing by and watching a fire, a kiln fire, or a forest fire.
Article 21 Article 21: The head of the household must go through the necessary procedures for the registration of births, deaths, marriages, and divorces, and must notify the head of the household of any changes in the family register.
Article 22: The head of the household must always be on the lookout for the behavior of the people in the town, and must enforce the rules for settling quarrels and disputes.
Article 2 Article 13: In the event that a corporal is unable to judge a case involving a minor or major incident, he shall consult with the other corporals, and if they are also unable to judge the case, it shall be referred to the head of the town affairs section, etc.
Article 14 Article 24: The election of the head of the town affairs section and the section chief shall be conducted by ballot within the section, and the election of the section chief shall be conducted by ballot within the section.
Article 25 Article 25: The person elected as the head of the section of the town affairs of the corporal shall be a person who has two family registers in the town and is currently living there, and shall be limited to one person per family, even if there are separate representatives and second sons.
However, the term of office shall be three years, and the person in charge shall be re-elected every three years. term of office is three years, and the incumbent is eligible for re-election. In addition, there is no problem with the incumbent also serving as a corporal and town clerk.
Article 2 Article 16: If the members of the Industrial Conference wish to discuss the appointment of members of the Industrial Conference, or if they wish to increase, decrease or amend the rules, they should request an extraordinary meeting.
However, When discussing these rules, there is a column for the store manager and the section chief to sit together, even if they are a corporal and a town official.
Article 2 Article 17: The salary of the sergeant-major and the town council members is not paid, but they are entitled to the meeting expenses and the town council meeting stipend. Article 28: In the case of a breach of contract If the facts are investigated by the corporal in charge of town affairs and it is found that the person in question has violated the relevant articles of the rules, the following measures shall be taken - Article 5, Article 6, Article 11, Article 13, Article 16, Article 17, a penalty of 5 yen shall be imposed on those who violate Article 12, and those who violate Article 7 and its supplementary provisions shall be punished with a penalty of 3 yen. Article 8, Article 9, Article 10, Article 14, Article 15: Those who violate these articles shall be fined 300 yen.
Article 18, Article 19: Those who violate these articles shall be fined 10 yen.
Article 2 Article 19: Those who violate the above rules shall be made to pay a penalty, and if they do not express remorse or if they violate the rules three times, they shall be cut off from social intercourse within the mountain. However, the penalty money shall be used to defray the public expenses of the mountain.
The above The severe punishment for apostasy in the above article was due to the lingering ill will towards the Christian faith from the Shimabara Rebellion, and at that time there was still no understanding of religious freedom. Also, the travelers from other countries, it is likely that this is also a remnant of traditional thinking, as in the past, workers from other countries would sneak in and steal pottery. Next As for disputes over loans, there were many unscrupulous lawyers at the time, who acted as go-betweens in the same way as election brokers do today, and there were not a few who took advantage of the fact that the general populace was ignorant of the law to make a living out of the two parties involved. Tashiro Teiichi was the town official in charge of enforcing this law.
Chuji Tadajiro’s contract to purchase pottery-making machinery
In 1883, the Great World Exposition in Amsterdam, Holland, and the Great World Exposition in Boston, USA, were held at the same time, and both companies were busy preparing exhibits. Among them, Seiji Kawara, a member of the Seiji Company, brought his exhibits to Europe in March of that year, to Europe, where he achieved good results and received a gold medal. On his way to Limoges, the pottery-making center of France, he was encouraged by the French to purchase the latest pottery-making machines of the time, and he returned to Japan after signing a contract.
Ishiba Negotiations over the reserve fund issue
With the continuing economic downturn, many of the medium-sized and smaller kilns, which were operating on a small budget, were finding it difficult to pay the monthly reserve fund of ¥1 stipulated in the pottery industry agreement. At this time, they rallied together and decided that not only would the payment of the reserve fund be suspended until August of this year, but that an investigation would be carried out into the income and expenditure of the money paid over the previous seven years, and that the majority of the remaining amount would be returned to be used to supplement the manufacturing funds, which are currently in a state of poverty.
Ise Iseya’s explanation
However, in these negotiations, the response of the people involved was completely unintelligible, so the potters gathered at the Iseya inn (now the post office) and investigated the calculation report, with Nakatsuru Setoguchi Koichi (Gengo’s son) taking the lead in asking questions. He was a man who was skilled at debate and used to play shogi well despite being blind.
At this time According to the explanation given by Hisahei Kuma, who was the regular guard at the Ishiba post, in the twelfth year of Meiji, when they received an internal order that the former US President, General Grant, was to visit, it cost 1,000 yen to build a new guardhouse at Ishiba.
(At the time (In the summer, the Grand’s visit was postponed due to an epidemic in the Imari region.) In the following year, 1840, major repairs were started on the Ishiba area, and the path that had previously been around the mountain was improved so that vehicles could pass through it in any direction, and the nearest forests, fields and rice paddies were purchased and made into annexed land for the stone pit.
Arita River Survey costs for the Arita River
Next, as is well known, the remaining amount was donated to the construction costs of the Benishu Gakusha, and at that time, according to the plan of Ihei Hirabayashi, the entire Arita River area was deeply excavated, and to allow ships to come and go freely from Imanari, and to plan for the convenience of transporting pottery and other goods, the majority of the money was spent on surveying costs, which left the potters dumbfounded.
Ookawachi Pottery withdrawal from the union
The potters, who were now united in their opposition to the survey fee, were determined to pursue their cause to the bitter end, and demanded that the person responsible for the fee should make amends. . However, due to the fact that they were a group of people with a scattered mentality and were in a difficult financial situation, they ended up crying themselves to sleep. From this time on, the Okawa the Okawa Uchiyama pottery clan became enraged, and from this point on they began to use only local clay to make crude ice crackle pottery, which they then sold for next to nothing, thus bringing their business to a halt.
From September 1883 ( From September 1883, the name of the Ishiba reserve fund was changed to the Consumption Fund, and the amount was halved, with the result that 50 yen per month was collected. This was to be used to cover the Ishiba land tax and other expenses for the management of the stone pit, as well as for the expenses of the kiln-firing association, etc., and it was also decided that an additional 100 yen to 200 yen would be provided each year to the local public funds of Arita Sarayama.
Report on the settlement of the reserve fund Report
Based on the calculation report of October 30th, 1883, the distribution of the Ishiba reserve fund was as follows.
8,619 yen 50 sen
From April 1876 to May 1880, domestic and foreign Sarayama
1,957 yen 64 sen 7 rin
From January 1877 to January 1889, interest received monthly From January 1877 to January 1881, total interest received per month
Other total 16,476.6476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476476 30.6
Distributed to 136 potters
85 potters at Uchiyama kiln: 108.795
51 potters at Sotoyama kiln: 64.975
Amount distributed per person: 17.277
Product agreement between Otaru and Iwayagawa Product agreement between the two areas
By around 1883, the product areas of the kilns in each area had become disorganized, and in the category of daily necessities, some people were making bowls in Iwayagawa, while others were making obento lunchboxes in Oryu. This situation worried that this would lead to the problem of overproduction, they decided to follow the traditional rules and limit the production of bento boxes to Iwayagawauchi, and to ensure that the large barrels were only used for making rice bowls In particular, a firm pledge was made during the firing of the kilns in the rainy season, and it was decided that a surcharge of 300 yen would be collected in the event of any violation.
On-site seizure
However After that, the woodcarver Kuzo Nito, who commuted to Iwayagawa from Nakatsuru every day along a mountain path, was certainly making the bowl molds, and when he was secretly investigated, it was discovered that Yutaka Yukitake and Inokichi Kojima were in fact in violation. Therefore, the kilns in the Otaru area were all arrested and taken to Iwayagawauchi, where the scene was seized.
At this time, Inokichi was greatly was greatly embarrassed, and he apologized profusely, and the matter was temporarily put on hold, but on the other hand, Toyokichi’s younger brother Hikosuke strongly argued that the dish was originally a plate and should not be classed as a bowl. From this point on, when the general meeting of all the kilns was held When the meeting of the Zenzan Pottery Association was held, Eiza Fukagawa looked at the bowl in question and said, “This kind of argument is like catching a horse and turning it into a deer. declared, the decision was unanimous, and Toyokichi, without saying a word, presented the penalty of 300 yen, which was very considerate.
Extreme Recession
By this time, the recession was so severe that many of the kilns had to close down, and this meant that the livelihood of the potters was threatened. Many of them took their own pottery to the roads and went around to the farms in the Shiraishi area of Kushima County, exchanging some of their wares for foodstuffs to make ends meet.
The election of the head of the household
In July of the 10th year of Meiji In July 1884, the system of selecting head of the household was changed in accordance with the popular election law, and Arita Sarayama was selected by the sake brewer Watanabe Motonobu of Kamikohira.
In 1884, the antique dealer antiquarian dealer, opened a wholesale store for Hizen pottery in Kobe’s Motomachi 5-chome, and Maeda Teihachi of Shinshura Tono was the shipper. At that time, Teihachi began making pottery on Tono Mountain, and he also actively produced overglaze enamels at his residence.
Kajiwara Koshichi’s coal kiln
In 1884, Kajiwara Koshichi, a potter from Kuromuta, built a single-house kiln and began experimenting with coal. school (the forerunner of the Tokyo Technical School) came to observe the kiln, guided by Matsumura Hachijiro and Fukagawa Chuji.
The Ueno Five-Product Exhibition
In March 1885, a five-product (silk cocoons, silk thread, textiles, pottery, lacquerware) exhibition was held in Ueno, Tokyo, and Gohei Tezuka was selected as the representative of the exhibitors from this county. At first, in 1879, there were 30 pottery exhibitors from this county at the Nagasaki Exhibition At the Nagasaki Exposition in 1879, there were 30 potters from this county exhibiting their wares, but at the Saga Prefecture Exhibition in the same year, there were 40, and this time the number reached 60.
Report by Chief Judge Tanaka
The following is a summary of the report given by the chief judge, Tanaka Yoshio, at the awards ceremony for the Ueno Five-Product Exhibition on June 8th of the same year.
Some of the pottery did not match the theme of the exhibition. Some were only concerned with export. Others were unskilled at making tableware. In general, 8 out of 10 were just slight improvements on the previous domestic pottery. previous domestic wares with only minor improvements. In general, although the manufacture of pottery has made some progress in recent years, the output has reached a very large number year after year, and there is a situation where the supply and demand balance is lost and the two sides are mutually damaging each other.
Name of the award winner
Of course, this time this time, as it was a Tokyo exhibition, the exhibitors should have put in a considerable amount of effort, but it seems that there was no progress to the extent that it could be recognized by the judges, and as a result, there were no first prizes awarded to the exhibitors of ceramics from all over the country. In addition, the second prize was awarded to Koransha , and no one else. Of the four people who received the third prize, there was the Seiji-kai company. Of the ten people who received the fourth prize, there was no one from Saga Prefecture. Of the 33 people who received the fifth prize, there were four people from Tashiro Sukesaku, Iwao Kentaro, Fukae Tsujiro, and Kuromuta’s Kajiwara Tomitaro. Of the 44 people who received the sixth prize were Setoguchi Tomuemon, Tashiro Yasushi, Iwamatsu Heigo, Matsumura Teiji of Tono, Matsuo Kizaburo of Oda, and Higuchi Heibei.
Next, of the 95 people who won the 7th prize , and these were Chokuro Fukami, Saburo Mizokami, Taketaro Mizokami, Toshikazu Kawanami, Kenpachi Hayashi, Keishichi Fujii, Onosuke Ezoe, Seikichi Yamaguchi, Heiichi Nanzato, Shuzo Yamamoto, Fukagawa Rikizo, Imaizumi Tota, Iwao Kyukichi, Maeda Teihachi of Sado, Soejima San of Kishima-gun, and the cooperative company of Shirakabe in Yofu-gun.
The Minister of Agriculture and Commerce awarded the first Sakaida Kakiemon with 3000 yen, and also awarded 3000 yen to Tezuka Kinosuke and Matsuo Kizaburo of Oda as those who had contributed to the industry.
Award for services to Tezuka Kinosuke Award
Certificate of Merit Award
Arita, Nishimatsuura-gun, Saga Prefecture
President of Seiji-kai Company
Tezuka Kamenosuke
1,300 yen
In recent years, having carefully considered the market situation carefully considered the importance of making tableware, and made improvements to the quality and shape of the porcelain, striving to make it more convenient and affordable, and thereby expanding sales both in Japan and overseas. His achievements were great, and for this reason he was awarded the following
June 5th, 1885 June 5
Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, Count Saigo Tadamichi, 3rd rank, 1st class
National Association of Ceramic Manufacturers
On the 11th of the same month, the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce held a consultation meeting on the pottery industry at the Kōseikan in Kobiki-cho, convening 26 representatives from pottery businesses across the country. The names of those present were: Minpei Kajumi, Toshikomon Tanaka, Kichiji Watano, Sapei Matsumoto, Sonpei Enchū, Ginshū Takeda, Iwa Tei, Kisho Kichiyoshi and Iwata Shingo from Fukushima Prefecture, Kitamura Chikuzo from Shiga Prefecture, Matsuo Gisuke and Kato Tomitaro from Tokyo, Shimada Sohei, Murakami Gihei from Kumamoto Prefecture, Chin Jukan from Kagoshima Prefecture, Nishiura Seishichi and Kato Gosuke from Gifu Prefecture, Shigekichi, Matasuke Kawamura from Mie Prefecture, Sadanao Ichimura from Kochi Prefecture, Ichiro Kimura from Okayama Prefecture, Soshiro Imura from Kanagawa Prefecture, and Donsaku Sakata from Yamaguchi Prefecture, while from Saga Prefecture there were three people: Kinosuke Tezuka, Gohei Tezuka, and Eiichi Tanaka.
Offering of a 4-shaku-tall bowl
This While the works were being exhibited at the Kyoshin-kai, the large four-shaku-tall bowl with underglaze blue designs made by Tomotaro Kajiwara of Kuromuta-yama (costing 215 yen) attracted the attention of the viewers.
And as such a as a symbol of the hardness of Arita ware, it was decided that it should be displayed in the capital, and on July 8th it was presented to the museum in Ueno. Thus, the the remaining items from the Hizen exhibition were entrusted to Hibino Yosaburo of Kaikaramachi, Nihonbashi Ward, for sale in Japan, and to Tashiro Ichiroji of Tentsu, Yokohama, for sale overseas.
Ryūchikai in Tsukiji
Meiji In 1885, with the aim of promoting art, the Ryuikei organization was formed at Tsukiji Honganji Temple at the instigation of Sano Tsunetami and others, and His Imperial Highness Prince Arisugawa Toshihito was appointed as its president. Tezuka Kinosuke was appointed as a member of the pottery department. (This Ryuikei Society moved to the Kizoku Kaikan in Ueno in 1888 and was renamed the Japan Art Association.
The Origin of Large-Scale Kilns
In In 1885, Tokusuke Matsuo of the Iwayagawa-uchi kiln began trading with the Otsupenemail Company in Kobe, and discovered that he could make two-shaku-long zundos (umbrella stands) in the same way as he made his regular ware. This was probably because he wanted to meet the demand for inexpensive order. This was probably the beginning of the production of large-scale ware in Arita.
In 1885, Kumasuke Taketomi of Imari Horibata began trading in Hizen pottery in Yokohama, but closed the store after three years. At that time, the clerk Taichiro (a person from Imari Koga) then went to the United States again, and after ten years of research at a confectionery factory in Oakland, he established the company that is today’s Morinaga Confectionery Co.
A Convenient Method for Continuous Bisque Firing
In In 1885, Kajiwara Koshichi of Kuromuta discovered a method of using the kiln to fire the biscuit and then firing the biscuit in a biscuit kiln in front of and behind the main kiln, using the heat escaping from the main kiln. Thanks to this improvement, we were able to save 50% of the fuel we had been using, and the separate kilns that had been used for bisque firing were completely abolished.
Request for a revision of the number of tsubo (units of land area)
On December 17th, 1885 On December 17th, 1885, the application for a revision of the number of tsubo (units of land measurement) for the Ishiba kiln, which had been submitted in July of the same year (an increase of 2,412 tsubo to a total of 12,566 tsubo), was approved under application number 3,315. The applicants were 26 potters, including Katsuzo Tsuji.
Hizen Province, Nishimatsuura County, Aritayama Village, Nishimatsuura County, Hizen Province
14,900 1,780 tsubo
50 sen for 500 tsubo of tax in Takano District
As stated above, the area of the mine to be opened for the time being is as stated above, and the tax amount has been determined based on an on-site inspection. This certificate can be exchanged for the actual land.
